'Mechanical Counter' yaRaindrop: Nei Chiyero chemvura chepurasitiki chichiri 'Musana Usingaonekwe' weKutarisa Mvura Pasirose

Munguva ye lidar, microwave sensors, uye AI forecasting, mudziyo wepurasitiki unodhura pasi pemadhora zana uchiri kuita chiyero chakakosha chemvura pa90% yenzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze pasi rose—simba rawo rinogara riripo rinobva kupi?

Kana ukavhura nzvimbo yemazuva ano yekuongorora mamiriro ekunze otomatiki, ungangoona kuti chinhu chinoona mvura inonaya hachisi chinhu chinopenya nelaser head kana kuti antenna ye microwave, asi chishandiso chiri nyore chakagadzirwa nepurasitiki, magineti, uye reed switch—chinoyera mvura inonaya netipping-bucket.

Kubva pakatanga kugadzirwa mainjiniya wekuIreland Thomas Robinson muna 1860, dhizaini iyi yakaramba isina kuchinja kwemakore anopfuura 160. Nhasi, yashanduka kubva pakuumbwa nesimbi yemhangura kusvika kupurasitiki yakaumbwa nejekiseni, kubva pakuverenga nemaoko kusvika pakubuda kwechiratidzo chemagetsi, asi musimboti wayo mukuru unoramba wakafanana: rega donhwe rega rega rifambise chinhu chakanyatsogadzirwa, richichishandura kuita data rinoverengeka.

Uzivi hweKugadzira: Uchenjeri hweMinimalism

Mwoyo we "tipping-bucket rain gauge" isystem ine "dual-bucket balancing system":

1. Mugero wekuunganidza mvura unoendesa mvura kune rimwe remabhaketi.
2. Bhaketi rega rega rakanyatsoongororwa (kazhinji 0.2mm kana 0.5mm yemvura pamuromo wega wega).
3. Chishandiso chemagineti netsvimbo zvinoburitsa kurira kwemagetsi nguva imwe neimwe kana bhaketi ranyura.
4. Data logger inoverenga pulses, ichiwanza ne calibration value kuti iverenge mvura yose inonaya.

Kubwinya kwekugadzira uku kuri mu:

• Kushanda kwepasina simba: Kunoyera mvura inonaya pasina simba (magetsi anongoshandiswa chete pakushandura masaini).
• Kuzvichenesa: Bhaketi rinozvigadzirisa otomatiki mushure memuromo wega wega, zvichiita kuti kuyerwa kurambe kuripo.
• Mhinduro yemutsara: Mukati mekunaya kwemvura kwe0–200mm/h, kukanganisa kunogona kudzorwa mukati me±3%.

Kugara Kwemazuva Ano: Nei High-Tech Isina Kuitsiva

Sezvo zvishandiso zvemamiriro ekunze zvichikwira pamutengo wakakwira uye kunyatsoita zvinhu nemazvo, chigero chemvura chepurasitiki chinomira zvakanaka chine zvakanakira zvina zvikuru:

1. Kushanda Kwemari Kusingaenzaniswi

• Mutengo weyuniti ye sensor yemhando yepamusoro: $500–$5,000
• Mutengo wepurasitiki wekushandisa mvura inoyerera: $20–$200
• Pakuvaka network dzekutarisa mvura yakawanda pasi rose, musiyano wemitengo unogona kusvika pamatanho maviri ehukuru.

2. Muganho wekushanda wakaderera zvakanyanya

• Hapana kudiwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuongorora, kungochenesa mafirita nguva nenguva uye kutarisa mazinga.
• Masangano evanozvipira emamiriro ekunze muAfrica ari pasi peSahara anovimba nezviuru zvemagauge ari nyore etipping-bucket kuti vagadzire madhatabhesi emvura munharaunda kekutanga.

3. Kuenzanisa uye Kuenderera Mberi kweData

• 80% yedata remvura yepasi rose remazana emakore rinobva ku tipping-bucket kana kuti pane yakatangira, siphon rain gauge.
• Tekinoroji itsva dzinofanira "kuenderana" nedata rekare, uye data remari yekubatsira rinoshanda senzira yekutanga yekutsvagisa mamiriro ekunze.

4. Kusimba Munzvimbo Dzakanyanya Kuipa

• Munguva yemafashamo eGermany muna 2021, magauge emvura akawanda eultrasonic neradar akatadza kushanda nekuda kwekudzimwa kwemagetsi, ukuwo mabhaketi emagetsi akaramba achinyora dutu rese pamabhatiri ekuchengetedza.
• Munzvimbo dzisina vanhu dziri munzvimbo dzine makomo kana kuti dzakakwirira, kushandiswa kwayo kwesimba kushoma (inenge 1 kWh pagore) kunoita kuti ive sarudzo isingatsiviwe.

Mhedzisiro Yechokwadi Pasirose: Zviitiko Zvitatu Zvikuru

Nyaya 1: Sisitimu Yekunyevera Mafashamo muBangladesh
Nyika yakaisa magirazi emvura epurasitiki 1,200 akareruka muBrahmaputra Delta, vagari vemo vachishuma kuverenga kwavo zuva nezuva kuburikidza neSMS. "Network iyi isina tekinoroji" yakawedzera nguva yekunyevera nezvemafashamo kubva pamaawa matanhatu kusvika makumi mana nemasere, ichiponesa mazana evanhu pagore, pamutengo wekuvaka wakaenzana neradar imwe chete yepamusoro yeDoppler weather.

Nyaya yechipiri: Kuongorora Njodzi yeMoto Wemusango muCalifornia
Dhipatimendi rezvemasango rakaisa network dzemvura dzinoshandisa simba rezuva dzinoshandisa simba rezuva panzvimbo dzakaoma kuti dzitarise mvura inonaya kwenguva pfupi yakakosha pakuverenga "kutsva". Muna 2023, sisitimu iyi yakapa rutsigiro rwakarurama rwekuona mamiriro ekunze pamabasa makumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe ekupisa akarairwa.

Nyaya 3: Kubata "Nzvimbo Dzinonyanya Kuitika" dzeMafashamo eMumaguta
Bhodhi reZvishandiso zveVanhu muSingapore rakawedzera masensa ekuisa mvura padenga, nzvimbo dzekupaka mota, uye nzvimbo dzekubuditsa mvura, richiratidza "nzvimbo nhatu dzemvura inonaya zvishoma" dzisina kushandiswa nemasangano enzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze, zvichiita kuti hurongwa hwekuvandudza mvura inonaya husvike mamiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora ($200 miriyoni).

Chinyakare Chinoshanduka: Kana Makanika Akasangana Nehungwaru

Chizvarwa chitsva che "tipping-bucket rain gauges" chiri kuvandudzwa chinyararire:

• Kubatanidzwa kweIoT: Yakashongedzerwa nemamodule eNarrowband IoT (NB-IoT) ekutumira data kure.
• Mabasa Ekuzviongorora: Kuona kuvharika kana zvikanganiso zvemakanika kuburikidza nekufamba kwenguva kusingawanzoitiki.
• Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva: Kushandisa purasitiki yeASA isingapindi UV, zvichiita kuti hupenyu huve hurefu kubva pamakore mashanu kusvika gumi nemashanu.
• Kufamba-famba Kwemashoko Akasununguka: Mapurojekiti akaita se "RainGauge" yeUK anopa magadzirirwo anodhindwa mu3D uye kodhi yeArduino, zvichikurudzira kutora chikamu kwesainzi yeruzhinji.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvayo: Kuziva Miganhu Yekushandisa Zvakanaka

Ehe, nzira yekuedza mvura inoyerera haina kukwana:

• Kana mvura ichinaya zvakanyanya kupfuura 200mm/awa, mabhaketi anogona kutadza kudzoserwa patsva nenguva, zvichiita kuti mvura isaverengeke zvakanyanya.
• Mvura yakasimba (chando, chimvuramabwe) inoda kuti kupisa kunyunguduke isati yayerwa.
• Mhepo inogona kukonzera zvikanganiso pakubatira mvura (dambudziko rinoonekwawo nemagauji ese emvura ari pasi).

Mhedziso: Kuvimbika Pane Kukwana

Munguva ino ine hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu, chiyereso chemvura chepurasitiki chinotiyeuchidza chokwadi chinogara chichikanganwika: Kune zvivakwa, kuvimbika uye kugona kukura kunowanzo kukosha kupfuura kunyatsojeka. Ndiyo "AK-47" yekutarisa mvura—yakapfava muchimiro, inodhura zvishoma, inochinjika zvakanyanya, uye nekudaro iri kwose kwose.

Donhwe rega rega remvura rinowira mugomba raro rinobatsira mukuvaka ruzivo rwakakosha rwekuti vanhu vanzwisise mamiriro ekunze. Mudziyo uyu wepurasitiki wakaderera, kutaura chokwadi, ibhiriji riri nyore asi rakasimba rinobatanidza kucherechedza kwemunhu nesainzi yepasi rose, njodzi dzemuno nemaitiro emamiriro ekunze.

Seti yakakwana yemaseva nesoftware isina waya module, inotsigira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Kuti uwane mamwe masensa emvura ruzivo,

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