Nekuwedzera kuri kuita shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pasi rose pakugadzirwa kwekurima, varimi muSouth Africa vari kushingaira kutsvaga matekinoroji ekugadzirisa matambudziko. Kutambirwa kwakapararira kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwekuona ivhu munzvimbo zhinji dzeSouth Africa kunoratidza danho rakakosha rekuita zvekurima muindasitiri yezvekurima.
Kusimuka kwekurima chaiko
Precision kurima inzira inoshandisa tekinoroji yeruzivo uye kuongororwa kwedata kukwirisa goho. Nekutarisa mamiriro evhu munguva chaiyo, varimi vanokwanisa kubata minda yavo nesainzi, kuwedzera goho uye kuderedza kutambisa zviwanikwa. Bazi rezvekurima muSouth Africa radyidzana nemakambani ane chitsama eruzivo rwechizvino-zvino kuti vatumire zviuru nezviuru zvemagetsi ekuvheneka ivhu mumapurazi ari munyika yose.
Masensa evhu anoshanda sei
Aya masensa akaiswa muvhu uye anokwanisa kutarisa zviratidzo zvakakosha zvakadai sekunyorova, tembiricha, kudya kunovaka muviri uye conductivity yemagetsi munguva chaiyo. Idzi data inofambiswa pasina waya kupuratifomu-yakavakirwa makore apo varimi vanogona kuiwana kuburikidza nemafoni avo emafoni kana makomputa uye vanowana mazano ekurima emunhu.
Semuyenzaniso, kana masensor aona kuti mwando wevhu uri pasi pechimwe chikumbaridzo, hurongwa uhu hunozivisa varimi kuti vadiridze. Zvakadai, kana ivhu risina kudya kwakakwana senitrogen, phosphorus nepotassium, chirongwa ichi chinoyambira varimi kuti vaise fetereza yakakwana. Iyi nzira chaiyo yekutarisira haingogadzirisi kubudirira kwekukura kwezvirimwa, asi zvakare inoderedza kutambisa mvura, fetereza nezvimwe zviwanikwa.
Mari chaiyo yevarimi
Pane rimwe purazi riri mudunhu reEastern Cape kuSouth Africa, murimi anonzi John Mbelele ave nemwedzi yakawanda achishandisa michina yeivhu. “Kare taifanira kuona kuti taidiridza riini kana kuti toisa fetereza kubva kune ruzivo uye nzira dzechinyakare.Iye zvino nemasensa aya ndave kuziva kuti ivhu rakamira sei izvo zvinoita kuti ndive nechivimbo chakasimba mukukura kwembesa dzangu.”
VaMbele vanotiwo vachishandisa masensa aya, purazi ravo rinoshandisa mvura shoma nezvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana nechikamu che20 percent, vachiwedzera goho nezvikamu gumi nezvishanu kubva muzana. Izvi hazvingodzikisi mari yekugadzira, asiwo zvinoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Application case
Nyaya yekutanga: Oasis Farm kuEastern Cape
Background:
Iri muProvince yeEastern Cape kuSouth Africa, Oasis Farm inobata nzvimbo inosvika mahekita mazana mashanu uye inonyanya kurima chibage nesoya bhinzi. Nekuda kwekusanaya kwemvura zvakanaka mudunhu iri makore adarika, murimi Peter van der Merwe ari kutsvaga nzira dzekuti mvura ishandiswe zvakanaka.
Sensor application:
Mukutanga kwa2024, Peter akaisa masensa makumi mashanu evhu papurazi, anogovaniswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kuti atarise hunyoro hwevhu, tembiricha uye zvemukati munguva chaiyo. Imwe neimwe sensor inotumira data kupuratifomu yegore yega maminetsi gumi nemashanu, iyo Peter anogona kuona munguva chaiyo kuburikidza nenharembozha.
Zvakananga
1. Kudiridza kwakarurama:
Achishandisa iyo sensor data, Peter akaona kuti hunyoro hwevhu mune dzimwe nzvimbo hwakadzikira zvakanyanya pane yakatarwa nguva, asi mune dzimwe yakaramba yakagadzikana. Akagadzirisa chirongwa chake chekudiridza zvichibva pane iyi data uye akashandisa nzira yekudiridza yezonal. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kushandiswa kwemvura yekudiridzira kwakaderedzwa nezvikamu makumi matatu nezvishanu kubva muzana, ukuwo goho rechibage nesoyabhinzi rakawedzera nezvikamu gumi kubva muzana ne8 muzana.
2. Optimize fertilization:
Masensa anotarisisa zvakare zviri mukati mezvikafu zvakaita senitrogen, phosphorus uye potassium muvhu. Peter akagadzirisa hurongwa hwake hwekuberekesa zvichibva pane iyi data kuti asawedzere fetereza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kushandiswa kwefetereza kwakaderedzwa nechikamu chinosvika makumi maviri neshanu kubva muzana, ukuwo kudya kunovaka muviri kwembesa kuchivandudzika.
3. Yambiro yezvipembenene:
Masensa akabatsirawo Peter kuona tumbuyu nezvirwere muvhu. Nekuongorora tembiricha yevhu uye humidity data, akakwanisa kufanotaura kuitika kwezvipembenene nezvirwere uye kutora matanho ekudzivirira kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene.
Mhinduro kubva kuna Peter van der Mewe:
"Ndichishandisa sensor yevhu, ndakakwanisa kutarisira purazi rangu zvakanyanya nesayenzi. Kare, ndaigara ndichinetseka pamusoro pekudiridza zvakanyanya kana kuisa fetiraiza, iye zvino ndinogona kuita zvisarudzo zvichibva pane chaiyo data. Izvi hazvingowedzera kugadzirwa, asiwo zvinoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza."
Nyaya yechipiri: "Sunny Vineyards" muWestern Cape
Background:
Inowanikwa muWestern Cape Province kuSouth Africa, Sunshine Vineyards inozivikanwa nekugadzira waini dzemhando yepamusoro. Muridzi wemunda wemizambiringa Anna du Plessis akatarisana nedambudziko rekuderera kwegoho remazambiringa uye mhando nekuda kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pakugadzirwa kweviticultural.
Sensor application:
Pakati pe2024, Anna akaisa masensa makumi matatu evhu muminda yemizambiringa, ayo anogoverwa pasi pemhando dzakasiyana dzemizambiringa kutarisa hunyoro hwevhu, tembiricha uye zvemukati zvemukati munguva chaiyo. Anna anoshandisawo masensa emamiriro ekunze kutarisa data senge tembiricha yemhepo, mwando uye kumhanya kwemhepo.
Zvakananga
1. Kutarisira kwakanaka:
Achishandisa sensor data, Anna anokwanisa kunyatsonzwisisa mamiriro evhu pasi pemuzambiringa wega wega. Kubva pane idzi data, akagadzirisa zvirongwa zvekudiridza uye fetiraiza uye kuita manejimendi akakwenenzverwa. Somugumisiro, goho uye kunaka kwemazambiringa zvakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, sezvakaita hutano hwewaini.
2. Water Resources Management:
Masensa akabatsira Anna kukwenenzvera kushandisa kwake mvura. Akaona kuti hunyoro hwevhu mune dzimwe nzvimbo hwakanga hwakanyanya kukwirira pane dzimwe nguva, zvichikonzera kushaikwa kweokisijeni mumidzi yemizambiringa. Kupfurikidza nokugadziridza gadziriro yake yokudiridza, akadzivisa kunyanyodiridza ndokuchengeta mvura.
3. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze:
Masensa emamiriro ekunze anobatsira Anna kuti arambe achiziva nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze paminda yake yemizambiringa. Zvichienderana netembiricha yemhepo uye humidity data, akagadzirisa matanho ekuchekerera nemumvuri emiti yemizambiringa kuti avandudze kugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze emizambiringa.
Mhinduro kubva kuna Anna du Plessis:
"Ndichishandisa ma sensor evhu uye ma sensors emamiriro ekunze, ndakakwanisa kutarisira munda wangu wemizambiringa zviri nani. Izvi hazvingogadziri goho uye kunaka kwemazambiringa, asiwo zvinondipa kunzwisisa kukuru kwemigumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Izvi zvichabatsira zvikuru pazvirongwa zvangu zvekudyara mune ramangwana."
Case 3: Harvest Farm in KwaZulu-Natal
Background:
Purazi reHarvest riri mudunhu reKwaZulu-Natal uye rinonyanya kurima nzimbe. Nekunaya kwemvura zvisina tsarukano mudunhu iri, murimi Rashid Patel anga achitsvaga nzira dzekusimudzira kurimwa kwenzimbe.
Sensor application:
Muchikamu chechipiri che2024, Rashid akaisa 40 ivhu sensors papurazi, iyo inogoverwa kumativi akasiyana-siyana kutarisa ivhu unyoro, tembiricha uye zvinovaka muviri zvemukati munguva chaiyo. Akashandisawo drones kutora mapikicha emuchadenga uye kutarisa kukura kwenzimbe.
Zvakananga
1. Wedzera kugadzirwa:
Achishandisa sensor data, Rashid akakwanisa kunyatsonzwisisa mamiriro evhu ega rega rega. Akagadzirisa zvirongwa zvekudiridza uye fetiraiza zvichibva pane idzi data, nekushandisa nzira dzekurima nemazvo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, goho renzimbe rakawedzera neinenge 15%.
2. Sevha zviwanikwa:
Masensa akabatsira Rashid kukwenenzvera kushandiswa kwemvura nefetereza. Zvichienderana nekunyorova kwevhu uye data yehuwandu hwekudya, akagadzirisa zvirongwa zvekudiridza nekuisa fetiraiza kuti adzivise kudiridza zvakanyanya uye fetiraiza uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa.
3. Pest Management:
Masensa akabatsirawo Rashid kuona zvipembenene uye zvirwere muvhu. Zvichienderana netembiricha yevhu uye mwando, akatora matanho ekuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene.
Mhinduro kubva kuRashid Patel:
"Ndichishandisa sensor yevhu, ndakakwanisa kutarisira purazi rangu zvakanyanya nesainzi. Izvi hazvingowedzere goho renzimbe, asi zvakare zvinoderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Ndinoronga kuwedzera kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemasensa mune ramangwana kuti ndiwane hunyanzvi hwekugadzira kurima."
Hurumende uye tech kambani rutsigiro
Hurumende yeSouth Africa inokoshesa zvikuru kuvandudzwa kwekurima kwakaringana uye inopa huwandu hwerutsigiro rwemitemo nerubatsiro rwemari. "Nekusimudzira tekinoroji yekurima, tinotarisira kuvandudza kurima kwakanaka, kuchengetedza chikafu chenyika uye kusimudzira budiriro," akadaro mukuru wehurumende.
Makambani akati wandei etekinoroji ari kuitawo basa, achipa akawanda marudzi eivhu sensors uye mapuratifomu ekuongorora data. Makambani aya haangopi zvekushandisa zvemahara chete, asiwo anopa dzidziso yehunyanzvi nerutsigiro kuvarimi kuti avabatsire kushandisa zvakanaka matekinoroji aya.
Maonero eramangwana
Nekuenderera mberi nekufambira mberi uye kufarirwa kweivhu sensor tekinoroji, zvekurima muSouth Africa zvichaunza nguva yehungwaru uye hunoshanda hwekurima. Mune ramangwana, masensa aya anogona kusanganiswa nema drones, otomatiki muchina wekurima uye mamwe maturusi kuti aumbe yakakwana yakangwara yekurima ecosystem.
Dr John Smith, mazvikokota wezvekurima wekuSouth Africa, akati: “Ivhu rinonzwa chinhu chinokosha pakurima nemazvo.
Mhedziso
Zvekurima muSouth Africa zviri kuita shanduko inofambiswa nehunyanzvi. Kushandiswa kwakawanda kwema sensors evhu hakusi kungovandudza kushanda kwekurima kwekurima, asiwo kunounza hupfumi hwechokwadi kune varimi. Nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji nerutsigiro rwemitemo, kurima kwakaringana kuchaita basa rakakosha muSouth Africa nepasirese, zvichiita mupiro wakanaka mukuzadzikiswa kweSustainable Development Goals.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-20-2025