Chidzidzo chitsva chinoratidza kuti kusvibiswa kunobva mumabasa evanhu kunokanganisa sei kugona kwavo kuwana maruva
Mumugwagwa upi zvawo une vanhu vakawanda, zvinosara zveutsi hwemotokari zvinorembera mumhepo, pakati pazvo nitrogen oxides neozone. Zvinosvibisa izvi, zvinoburitswawo nezvivakwa zvakawanda zvemaindasitiri nemafekitori emagetsi, zvinofamba-famba mumhepo kwemaawa kusvika kumakore. Masayendisiti ave achizviziva kwenguva refu kuti makemikari aya anokuvadza hutano hwevanhu. Asi ikozvino, humbowo huri kuramba huchiwedzera hunoratidza kuti zvinosvibisa izvi zvinoitawo kuti hupenyu huome kune zvipembenene zvinoparadzira mbesa nemiti inovimba nazvo.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzemhepo dzinosvibisa dzinosangana nemakemikari anoumba hwema hweruva, zvichichinja huwandu uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari nenzira inotadzisa mupfuri kuwana maruva. Pamusoro pekutsvaga zviratidzo zvinoonekwa zvakaita sechimiro kana ruvara rweruva, zvipembenene zvinoenderana ne "mepu" yekunhuhwirira, musanganiswa wemamorekuru ekunhuhwirira akasiyana nerudzi rweruva rega rega, kuti vawane chirimwa chavanoda. Ozone yepasi ne nitrogen oxides zvinosangana nemamorekuru ekunhuhwirira kwemaruva, zvichigadzira makemikari matsva anoshanda zvakasiyana.
"Zviri kuchinja zvikuru hwema huri kutsvagwa nezvipembenene izvi," akadaro Ben Langford, nyanzvi yezvemamiriro ekunze yeUK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology uyo anoongorora nyaya iyi.
Vanofudza maruva vanodzidza kubatanidza musanganiswa wakasiyana wemakemikari anoburitswa neruva nerudzi irworwo uye shuga inosanganiswa nawo. Kana mishonga iyi isina kusimba ikasangana nezvinosvibisa zvine simba, maitiro acho anochinja huwandu hwemamorekuru ezvinonhuwira zvemaruva pamwe nehuwandu hwemhando yega yega yemamorekuru, zvichichinja hwema hwacho zvakanyanya.
Vaongorori vanoziva kuti ozone inorwisa rudzi rwecarbon bond inowanikwa mumamorekuru ezvinonhuwira zvemaruva. Kune rumwe rutivi, nitrogen oxides inyaya yakaoma kunzwisisa, uye hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kuti mamorekuru ezvinonhuwira zvemaruva anoita sei nemakemikari emhando iyi yemakemikari. "Mepu iyi yekunhuhwirira yakakosha zvikuru kune vanofudza maruva, kunyanya vanofudza maruva vari kushanda," akadaro James Ryalls, mumwe wevaongorori paYunivhesiti yeReading. "Kune dzimwe nyuchi, semuenzaniso, dzinogona kuona ruva chete kana dziri pasi pemita imwe kubva paruva, saka kunhuhwirira kwakakosha kwazvo kwavari pakutsvaga chikafu."
Langford nevamwe vemuchikwata chake vakatanga kunzwisisa kuti ozone inochinja sei chimiro chepfure reruva. Vakashandisa mugero wemhepo nemasensa kuti vayere chimiro chegore rekunhuhwirira rinogadzirwa nemaruva paanoburitsa kunhuhwirira kwavo kwakakosha. Vaongorori vakabva vaburitsa ozone pazvikamu zviviri, chimwe chazvo chakafanana nezvinoitika kuUK munguva yezhizha apo huwandu hweozone hwakakwira, mugomba rine mamorekuru ekunhuhwirira kwemaruva. Vakaona kuti ozone inodya mipendero yepfure, ichipfupisa upamhi nehurefu.
Vaongorori vakazoshandisa nzira yekufema nayo nyuchi inozivikanwa se proboscis extension. Kufanana nembwa yaPavlov, iyo yaibuda mate pakurira kwebhero rekudya kwemanheru, nyuchi dzinotambanudza chikamu chemuromo wadzo chinoshanda sechubhu yekudyisa, inozivikanwa se proboscis, mukupindura kunhuhwirira kwadzinobatanidza neshuga. Masayendisiti paakapa nyuchi idzi hwema hwadzinowanzo nzwa mamita matanhatu kubva paruva, dzakaburitsa proboscis yadzo 52 muzana yenguva. Izvi zvakaderera kusvika 38 muzana yenguva yechinhu chinonhuhwirira chinomiririra hwema huri mamita gumi nemaviri kubva paruva.
Zvisinei, pavakashandisa shanduko dzakafanana pakunhuhwirira kwaizoitika mumhepo yakakanganiswa ne ozone, nyuchi dzaingopindura 32 muzana chete panguva iri pamamita matanhatu uye 10 muzana yenguva iri pamamita gumi nemaviri. "Unoona kudzikira uku kukuru muhuwandu hwenyuchi dzinogona kuziva kunhuhwirira kwacho," akadaro Langford.
Tsvakurudzo yakawanda pamusoro penyaya iyi yakaitwa munzvimbo dzemarabhoritari, kwete mumunda kana munzvimbo dzechisikigo dzezvipembenene. Kuti vagadzirise kusawirirana uku kweruzivo, masayendisiti epaYunivhesiti yeReading vanogadzira mapombi anosundira ozone kana dhiziri muzvikamu zvemunda wegorosi. Kuedza kwakaitwa munzvimbo dzakavhurika dzine mativi akareba mamita makumi maviri nematanhatu kunobatsira vaongorori kuongorora migumisiro yekusvibiswa kwemhepo pamhando dzakasiyana dzezvinomera.
Chikwata chevaongorori chakaongorora zvirimwa zvemasitadhi munzvimbo dzacho kuti zvionekwe nevanhu vanozorora. Mamwe makamuri acho aive nedhiziri rakaburitswa utsi hwakaderera pasi pemutemo weEPA wemhepo. Munzvimbo idzodzo, kwaive nekuderera kwe90 muzana mukukwanisa kwezvipembenene kuwana maruva azvinovimba nawo sechikafu. Pamusoro pezvo, zvirimwa zvemasitadhi zvakashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi, kunyangwe zviri maruva anozviberekesa, zvakadzikirawo kusvika 31 muzana mukukura kwembeu, zvichida nekuda kwekudzikira kwekubereka kubva mukusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvipembenene zvinoparadzira mhodzi pachavo zvinosangana nematambudziko akasiyana nekuda kwehuwandu hwemhepo yakasviba pari zvino. Asi kana zvikashanda pamwe chete nemamwe matambudziko anotarisana nezvipembenene izvi, kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunogona kukonzera matambudziko mu
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Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-08-2024