Kubva Pazvikanganiso zveMafekitori Kusvika Pakusvibiswa Kwemhepo: Mashandisirwo Ari Kuitwa MaSensor eGasi muSouth Asia

Southeast Asia, imwe yenzvimbo dzehupfumi dziri kukura nekukurumidza pasi rose, iri kusangana nekukura kwemaindasitiri nekukurumidza, kukura kwemaguta, uye kuwedzera kwevanhu. Maitiro aya akaita kuti pave nekudiwa kukuru kwekutarisirwa kwemhando yemhepo, kuvimbiswa kuchengetedzeka kwemaindasitiri, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Masensa egasi, se tekinoroji yekuongorora zvakakosha, ari kutamba basa rinokosha. Izvi zvinotevera nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzekushandisa tekinoroji iyi uye zviitiko zvakananga zveSoutheast Asia.

1. Kuchengetedzwa Kwemaindasitiri uye Kudzora Maitiro

Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira magasi. Southeast Asia ine mafekitori akawanda ekugadzira, mafekitori emakemikari, nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mafuta, uye nzvimbo dzekugadzira magesi.

• Maitiro Ekushandisa:
  • Kuongororwa Kwekubuda Kwegasi Rinobvira Uye Rine Chepfu: Mumafekitori emafuta, nzvimbo dzegasi rechisikigo, nenzvimbo dzekuchengetera makemikari, kutarisa panguva chaiyo kwekubuda kwegasi senge methane, propane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, uye ammonia kudzivirira moto, kuputika, uye zviitiko zvechepfu.
  • Kutarisa Kupinda Munzvimbo Yakavharirwa: Kushandisa zvinhu zvinoona gasi zvinotakurika kuti utarise huwandu hweokisijeni, magasi anobvira moto, uye magasi ane chepfu chaiwo vashandi vasati vapinda munzvimbo dzakavharika dzakadai senzvimbo dzekutakura ngarava, matangi ekuchenesa tsvina, uye matune epasi pevhu kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti vashandi vakachengeteka.
  • Kugadzirisa Maitiro uye Kudzora Hunhu: Kunyatso dzora huwandu hwemagasi chaiwo (semuenzaniso, kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, okisijeni) mumabasa akadai sekuvirisa chikafu nezvinwiwa uye kugadzira semiconductor kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chakanaka uye chinoshanda zvakanaka.
• Zvidzidzo zveNyaya:
  • Imwe kambani huru yekuchenesa mafuta muVietnam yakaisa network yemazana emasensa egasi akasimba munzvimbo yayo yese, akabatana nesystem yekudzora yepakati. Kana gasi rehydrocarbon rikaonekwa richibuda, system yacho inokonzeresa maalarm anonzwika uye anoonekwa uye inogona kuvhura otomatiki masisitimu ekufema kana kuvhara mavharuvhu akakodzera, zvichideredza njodzi dzetsaona.
  • Jurong Island Chemical Park muSingapore, nzvimbo inotungamirwa nemakambani emakemikari pasi rose, inoshandisa zvakanyanya masensa emhando yepamusoro ePhotoionization Detector (PID) kuona kubuda kweVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), zvichiita kuti yambiro itange uye kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza.

2. Kutarisa Hunhu hweMhepo Mumaguta uye Hutano hweVeruzhinji

Maguta mazhinji makuru ekuSoutheast Asia, akadai seJakarta, Bangkok, neManila, anotarisana nematambudziko ekusvibiswa kwemhepo nguva dzose nekuda kwekuzara kwemotokari uye utsi hwemaindasitiri. Kunetseka kweveruzhinji nezvenzvimbo dzakanaka dzekufema kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera.

• Maitiro Ekushandisa:
  • Nzvimbo dzeKutarisa Mhepo Dziri Mumaguta: Nzvimbo dzekutarisa dzakanyatsogadzirwa nemasangano ehurumende ezvakatipoteredza kuti aongorore kusvibiswa kwakajairika senge PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), uye carbon monoxide (CO). Vanoburitsa Air Quality Index (AQI) kuti vazivise mutemo weveruzhinji.
  • Manetwork eMicro-sensor: Kuisa ma node emicro-gas sensor akaderera, akapfava munharaunda, dzakapoteredza zvikoro, uye pedyo nezvipatara kuti pave ne network yekutarisa vanhu vakawanda, zvichipa ruzivo rwakawanda rwemhepo yemuno panguva chaiyo.
  • Midziyo Yemunhu Inotakurika: Vanhu vanoshandisa mamonita emhepo anopfekwa kana anobatwa nemaoko kuti vaone huwandu hwekusvibiswa munzvimbo dzavanogara, zvichiita kuti vakwanise kusarudza zvekudzivirira zvakaita sekupfeka masiki kana kuderedza mabasa ekunze.
• Zvidzidzo zveNyaya:
  • Bangkok Metropolitan Administration muThailand yakabatana nemasangano ekutsvagisa kuti ishandise mazana emasensa emhando yemhepo akavakirwa paIoT muguta rose. Masensa aya anoisa data kugore panguva chaiyo, zvichibvumira vagari kuti vatarise PM2.5 uye mazinga eozone munharaunda dzavo vachishandisa nharembozha, zvichipa ruzivo rwakawanda uye rwakawanda kupfuura zviteshi zvechinyakare.
  • Chirongwa che "Smart School" muJakarta, Indonesia, chakaisa masensa ecarbon dioxide (CO₂) mukati memakirasi. Kana huwandu hweCO₂ hukakwira nekuda kwekugara kwevanhu, masensa aya anongoerekana aita kuti masisitimu ekufema atange kufefetera mhepo, zvichibatsira kuvandudza kutarisisa kwevadzidzi uye hutano hwavo.

3. Kurima neKuchengeta Zvipfuyo

Kurima chinhu chakakosha muhupfumi munyika zhinji dzeSoutheast Asia. Kushandiswa kwemasensa egasi kuri kushandura kurima kwechinyakare kuita kurima kwakanyatsonaka uye kwakangwara.

• Maitiro Ekushandisa:
  • Kudzora Nzvimbo yeGreenhouse: Kutarisa huwandu hweCO₂ mumagreenhouse epamusoro uye kuburitsa CO₂ se "fetereza yegesi" kuti iwedzere photosynthesis, zvichiwedzera goho uye mhando yemiriwo nemaruva.
  • Kuchengetedzwa Kwekuchengetwa Kwezviyo: Kutarisa huwandu hwecarbon dioxide kana phosphine mumasilo makuru. Kuwedzera kusingawanzoitiki kweCO₂ kunogona kuratidza kuora nekuda kwekushanda kwezvipembenene kana chakuvhuvhu. Phosphine mushonga unowanzo shandiswa kufuridza, uye huwandu hwayo hunofanira kudzorwa nemazvo kuti ikwanise kudzora zvipembenene zvinobudirira uye kuti ishande zvakanaka.
  • Kutarisa Nzvimbo Yezvipfuyo: Kuramba uchitarisa huwandu hwemagasi anokuvadza akadai seammonia (NH₃) nehydrogen sulfide (H₂S) mumatanga ehuku nezvipfuwo. Magasi aya anokanganisa hutano hwemhuka, zvichikonzera zvirwere uye kukura zvishoma. Masensa anogona kukonzera masisitimu ekufema kuti agadzirise nzvimbo yemukati.
• Zvidzidzo zveNyaya:
  • Purazi reGreenhouse rakangwara muMalaysia rinoshandisa masensa eCO₂ akavakirwa patekinoroji yeNDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared), pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekudzora otomatiki, kuchengetedza huwandu hwakanaka hweCO₂ (semuenzaniso, 800-1200 ppm) yekukura kwezvirimwa, zvichiwedzera goho rematomatisi neinenge 30%.
  • Purazi Guru reHuku muThailand rakaisa network yekunzwa ammonia mudzimba dzaro dzehuku. Kana huwandu hweammonia hukadarika mwero wakatarwa, mafeni nema cooling pad systems anotanga kushanda ega, zvichideredza zvirwere zvekufema muboka uye zvichideredza kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

4. Kutarisa Zvakatipoteredza uye Yambiro yeNjodzi

Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia kune njodzi huru dzepasi rose uye inzvimbo inonyanya kushushikana nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.

• Maitiro Ekushandisa:
  • Kutarisa nzvimbo dzemarara nedzekuchenesa mvura yakasviba: Kutarisa kugadzirwa kwemethane nekubudisa utsi hwemhepo kudzivirira njodzi dzekuputika uye kupa ruzivo rwekudzoreredza biogas uye mapurojekiti ekugadzira magetsi. Uye zvakare kutarisa magasi anonhuwa senge hydrogen sulfide kuderedza kukanganiswa kwenharaunda dzakapoteredza.
  • Kuongororwa Kwezviitiko Zvekuputika Kwemakomo: Munyika dzine kuputika kwemakomo dzakadai seIndonesia nePhilippines, masayendisiti anoshandisa masensa esulfur dioxide (SO₂) kutenderedza makomo anoputika. Kuwedzera kweutsi hweSO₂ kunowanzo ratidza kuwedzera kwekushanda kwemakomo anoputika, zvichipa ruzivo rwakakosha rwenyevero dzekuputika kwemakomo.
  • Yambiro Yekukurumidza Pamusoro Pemoto Wesango: Kuisa carbon monoxide uye sensor dzeutsi munzvimbo dzemasango eSumatra neKalimantan, Indonesia, kunogona kuona moto uri kupfungaira moto usati waoneka, zvichibvumira kupindira kwakakosha nekukurumidza.
• Zvidzidzo zveNyaya:
  • Sangano rePhilippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) rakagadzira nzira dzakakwana dzekutarisa, kusanganisira masensa egasi, pamakomo anoputika ari kushanda seMayon. Ruzivo rweSO₂ rwenguva chaiyo runovabatsira kuongorora mamiriro ekuputika kwemakomo nemazvo uye kubvisa vagari vemo kana zvichidikanwa.
  • Sangano reNyika reNyika reNyika reSingapore (NEA) rinoshandisa satellite remote sensing uye ground sensors kuti rinyatsoongorora kusvibiswa kwemhute inoyambuka miganhu yenyika kubva kunyika dziri pedyo. Magasi sensors (semuenzaniso, eCO2 nePM2.5) maturusi akakosha ekutevera kutakurwa kwemhute uye kuongorora kukanganiswa kwayo.

Matambudziko uye Maitiro Eramangwana

Pasinei nekushandiswa kwakapararira, kushandiswa kwemasensa egasi kuSoutheast Asia kunosangana nematambudziko akadai sekukanganiswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya nehunyoro pahupenyu hwesensa uye kugadzikana, kushomeka kwevashandi vane hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa nekuyera, uye kudiwa kwekusimbisa kururama kwedata kubva kumasensa anodhura zvishoma.

Tichitarisa mberi, nekufambira mberi kweIoT, Big Data, uye Artificial Intelligence (AI), mashandisirwo egasi sensor achawedzera kukura:

• Kusanganiswa kweData uye Kuongorora: Kubatanidza data remasensa egasi nemamwe masosi akadai semeteorological, traffic, uye satellite data, uye kushandisa maalgorithms eAI ekuongorora zvinofanotaurwa (semuenzaniso, kufanotaura mhando yemhepo kana njodzi dzekukundikana kwemidziyo yemaindasitiri).
• Kuramba Kuchidzikisa Mitengo uye Kuwanda: Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hweMicro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) kuchaita kuti masensa aite seasingadhuri uye ave madiki, zvichikonzera kushandiswa kukuru mumaguta akangwara nedzimba dzakangwara.

Mhedziso

Munzvimbo ine simba yeSoutheast Asia, masensa egasi akashanduka kubva pamidziyo iri nyore yekuchengetedza maindasitiri kuita maturusi anoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana ekuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu, kusimudzira kushanda zvakanaka kwekurima, uye kuchengetedza nharaunda. Sezvo tekinoroji ichiramba ichifambira mberi uye mamiriro ekushandisa achikura, "mhino dzemagetsi" idzi dzicharamba dziri vadziviriri vasingaoneki, zvichipa hwaro hwakasimba hwedata rekusimudzira hupfumi hweSoutheast Asia.