Pfupiso
Seimwe yenyika dzakabudirira zvikuru muAfrica, South Africa inotarisana nematambudziko makuru emhando yemhepo uye kuchengetedzeka anokonzerwa nekuchera, kugadzira, uye kukura kwemaguta. Tekinoroji yekunzwa gasi, sechishandiso chekutarisa panguva chaiyo uye nemazvo, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakakosha muSouth Africa. Chidzidzo ichi chinotarisa pakushandiswa kwemasensa egasi mukuchengetedzeka kwemigodhi, kutarisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo mumaguta, kudzora kusvibiswa kwemaindasitiri, uye dzimba dzakangwara, kuongorora kukanganisa kwadzo pakuvandudzwa kwekuchengetedzeka, kuvandudzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi.
1. Maitiro Ekushandisa
Maumbirwo akasiyana ehupfumi hweSouth Africa nenzvimbo yemagariro evanhu zvinopa mikana yakasiyana-siyana yekushandisa sensors dzegasi:
1. Kutarisa Kuchengetedzeka Kwemigodhi
- Zvagara zviripo: Indasitiri yemigodhi inyaya huru muhupfumi hweSouth Africa asiwo ine njodzi huru. Mabasa epasi pevhu anowanzo kuunganidzwa kwemagasi ane chepfu uye anopisa (semuenzaniso, methane (CH₄), carbon monoxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)), zvichikonzera kudzipwa, kuputika, uye zviitiko zve chepfu.
- Kushandiswa:
- Zvishandiso zvekuongorora gasi zvisina kugadziriswa uye zvinotakurika zvinosungirwa mumigodhi yese yepasi pevhu.
- Vacheri vemigodhi vanopfeka masensa avo egasi akawanda kuti vatarise nharaunda yavo panguva chaiyo.
- Masensa akasimba ane network akaiswa mumatunnel makuru uye munzvimbo dzinoshanda kuti arambe achitarisa kuwanda kweCH₄ neCO2, achitumira data panguva chaiyo kunzvimbo dzinodzora zvinhu.
- Mhando dzeSensor Dzinoshandiswa: Catalytic combustion (magasi anobvira moto), electrochemical (magasi ane chepfu), infrared sensors (CH₄, CO₂).
2. Kutarisa Hunhu hweMhepo Mumaguta
- Zvavanotaura: Maguta makuru akaita seJohannesburg nePretoria, pamwe nenzvimbo dzine maindasitiri akawanda dzakadai se "Carbon Valley" muMpumalanga Province, dzinotambura nekusvibiswa kwemhepo kwenguva refu. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinosvibisa zvinosanganisira sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), uye particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10).
- Kushandiswa:
- MaNetwork eHurumende: Hurumende yeSouth Africa yakagadzira network yenyika yekutarisa hunhu hwemhepo ine nzvimbo dzekutarisa dzakagadziriswa mumaguta akawanda. Nzvimbo idzi dzine masensa egasi anonyatsoshanda nemasensa ezvimedu zvekuongorora kutevedza mitemo uye yambiro dzehutano hweveruzhinji.
- Kuongororwa Kwenharaunda: Mumaguta akaita seCape Town neDurban, masangano enharaunda akatanga kushandisa ma "gas sensor nodes" asingadhuri, anotakurika, kuti azadze nzvimbo dziri mu "network" yepamutemo yekutarisa uye kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana rwekusvibiswa kwenharaunda.
- Mhando dzeSensor Dzinoshandiswa: Masensor esimbi oxide semiconductor (MOS), masensor emagetsi, masensor ezvimedu zveoptical (laser scattering).
3. Kudzora Kuburitswa Kwemhepo Mumaindasitiri uye Maitiro Ekuita
- Kumashure: South Africa ine mafekitori makuru emagetsi anopisa, mafekitori ekuchenesa, mafekitori emakemikari, uye nzvimbo dzesimbi, izvo zvinonyanya kukonzera kuburitswa kweutsi hwemaindasitiri.
- Kushandiswa:
- Masisitimu Ekutarisa Kubuda Kwemhepo (CEMS): Mafekitori makuru anoisa CEMS pazviputi zveutsi, achibatanidza masensa akasiyana-siyana egasi kuti arambe achitarisa kuburitswa kwezvinosvibisa zvakaita seSO₂, NOx, CO₂, uye CO₂, zvichiita kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti zvinoburitswa nemutemo wenyika zvinoenderana nemitemo yenyika.
- Kuchengetedzwa uye Kugadzirisa Maitiro: Mumaitiro emakemikari nekuchenesa, masensa anoshandiswa kuona kubuda kwegasi rinobvira uye rine chepfu mumapaipi nematangi ekuita, zvichiita kuti michina ive yakachengeteka. Anowedzerawo maitiro ekupisa, anovandudza mashandiro emafuta, uye anoderedza kugadzirwa kwegasi rinorasa marara.
- Mhando dzeSensor Dzinoshandiswa: Ultraviolet/infrared spectroscopy (yeCEMS), catalytic combustion uye electrochemical sensors (yekuona leak).
4. Kuchengetedzwa Kwedzimba Nemabhizimisi (Dzimba Dzakangwara)
- Zvagara zviripo: Mumaguta, gasi repetroleum rakanyungudutswa (LPG) ndiro rinowanzo shandiswa pakubika, uye kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kunogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura nekuputika. Uyezve, CO inogadzirwa nemoto "inouraya" chinyararire.
- Kushandiswa:
- Huwandu huri kuramba huchiwedzera hwemhuri dzine vanhu vepakati nepakati nemakambani ekutengesa (semuenzaniso, maresitorendi, mahotera) vari kuisa maalarm emagetsi akangwara uye maalarm ecarbon monoxide.
- Midziyo iyi inowanzova nemasensa esimbi akavakirwa mukati (MOS) kana electrochemical. Kana huwandu hweLPG kana CO hukadarika mwero wakachengeteka, zvinobva zvatanga maalarm eaudio-visual ane madecibel akawanda. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvinogonawo kutumira zviziviso zve push kumafoni evashandisi kuburikidza neWi-Fi kune zviziviso zviri kure.
- Mhando dzeSensor Dzinoshandiswa: Masensor esimbi oxide semiconductor (MOS) (eLPG), masensor emagetsi (eCO2).
2. Kushanda Kwemashandisirwo
Kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemasensa egasi kwabatsira zvikuru munzvimbo dzakawanda muSouth Africa:
1. Kuchengetedzwa Kwebasa Kwakawedzerwa Zvikuru
- Kushanda Nesimba: Muchikamu chemigodhi, masensa egasi ave tekinoroji inoponesa hupenyu. Kutarisa nguva chaiyo uye yambiro dzekutanga zvakaderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwekuputika kwegasi rinobvira uye zviitiko zvehupfu hwakawanda mumigodhi. Kana huwandu hwegasi hwasvika padanho rine njodzi, masisitimu anongoerekana avhura michina yekufema kana kupa mirairo yekubvisa, zvichipa vashandi vemigodhi nguva yakakosha yekutiza.
2. Rutsigiro rweData reKutonga Kwezvakatipoteredza
- Kushanda Nesimba: Network yenyika yese yemasensa emhando yemhepo inogadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwedata rezvakatipoteredza rinoramba riripo. Data iri rinoshanda sehwaro hwesainzi hwehurumende kuti igadzire uye iongorore mitemo yekudzora kusvibiswa kwemhepo (semuenzaniso, mitemo yekuburitsa utsi). Panguva imwe chete, kuburitswa kweAir Quality Index (AQI) panguva chaiyo kunobatsira mapoka ari panjodzi (semuenzaniso, varwere veasthma) kutora matanho ekudzivirira pamazuva akasviba, kuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji.
3. Kubatsira Kutevedzera Mutemo weKambani uye Kushanda Nesimba Kwemari
- Kushanda Nesimba: Kumabhizinesi emaindasitiri, kuisa masisitimu ekutarisa utsi kunovimbisa kushanda kwemutemo, kudzivirira faindi huru kana munhu asingatevedzere mitemo. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwemasensa mukudzora mashandiro emagetsi kunogadzirisa mashandiro emagetsi, kunoderedza marara ezvinhu zvakachekwa, uye kunoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, zvichideredza mari yekushanda.
4. Kunzwisisa Kwakawedzerwa Nharaunda uye Kutora Chikamu Kweveruzhinji
- Kushanda Nesimba: Kubuda kwemasensa emunharaunda asingadhuri kunoita kuti vagari vanzwisise (nekunzwisisa) huwandu hwekusvibiswa munzvimbo yavo yepedyo, zvichideredza kuvimba chete nedata rehurumende. Izvi zvinosimudzira ruzivo rwevanhu nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvinopa simba nharaunda kuti dzimanikidze hurumende nemakambani anosvibisa zvichibva pauchapupu, zvichikurudzira kururamisira kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvichiita kuti pave nekutarisirwa kubva pasi kuenda kumusoro.
5. Kudzivirirwa kweHupenyu nePfuma muDzimba
- Kushanda Nesimba: Kuwanda kwemasensa egasi/CO mudzimba kunodzivirira moto nekuputika kwedzimba kunokonzerwa nekubuda kwegasi, pamwe nematambudziko eCO2 mumhepo panguva yekupisa kwechando, zvichipa vagari vemumaguta mukana wekudzivirira zvakanyanya.
3. Matambudziko neRamangwana
Pasinei nekubudirira kukuru, matambudziko achiripo mukusimudzira tekinoroji yekunzwa gasi muSouth Africa:
- Mutengo Nekugadzirisa: Kutenga, kuisa, uye kugadzirisa nguva dzose masensa ane kunyatsoita basa repamusoro kunoreva mari yakawanda inobhadharwa nehurumende nemabhizinesi.
- Kururama Kwedata: Masensa anodhura zvishoma anowanzo kanganiswa nezvinhu zvakaita sekupisa nehunyoro, dzimwe nguva zvichimutsa mibvunzo nezvekururama kwedata. Anofanira kushandiswa pamwe chete nenzira dzechinyakare dzekutarisa.
- Mipata yeTekinoroji: Nzvimbo dzekumaruwa dziri kure dziri kunetseka kuwana network dzekutarisa dzakavimbika.
Tichitarisa mberi, kufambira mberi muInternet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), uye sensor technology zvichatungamira network yekutarisa gasi muSouth Africa kusvika pahungwaru hwakakura, huwandu hwevanhu, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari. Masensa achabatana nemadrones nesatellite remote sensing kuti vagadzire network yekutarisa "sky-ground". Maalgorithms eAI achaita kuti kuteverwa kwakanyatsojeka kwenzvimbo dzekusvibiswa uye yambiro dzekufanotaura, zvichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba kubudiriro inoenderera mberi yeSouth Africa uye kuchengetedzeka nekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu vayo.
Mhedziso
Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwakawanda kwetekinoroji yegesi, South Africa yakawana mhedzisiro inoshamisa mukuchengetedzeka kwemigodhi, kutarisa nharaunda, kutevedzera mitemo yeindasitiri, uye kuchengetedzwa kwemisha. "Mhino dzemagetsi" idzi hadzingoshandi sevarindi chete vanodzivirira hupenyu asiwo dzinoshanda sezvishandiso zvakakosha zvekusimudzira kutonga kwenharaunda nekusimudzira nharaunda. Maitiro eSouth Africa anopa muenzaniso unokosha kune dzimwe nyika dziri kusimukira dziri kutsvaga kushandisa tekinoroji kugadzirisa matambudziko echinyakare.
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