Chii chinonzi PFAs? Zvese zvaunoda kuziva
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Australia inogona kuomesa mitemo ine chekuita nehuwandu hunogamuchirwa hwemakemikari akakosha ePFAS mumvura yekunwa, zvichideredza huwandu hwemakemikari anonzi forever anotenderwa parita.
Dare reNational Health and Medical Research Council neMuvhuro rakaburitsa gwaro rekugadzirisa miganhu yemakemikari mana ePFAS mumvura yekunwa.
PFAS (per- uye polyfluoroalkyl substances), boka remakemikari zviuru zvakati wandei, dzimwe nguva anonzi "makemikari asingaperi" sezvo anoramba ari munharaunda kwenguva yakareba uye akaoma kuparadza kupfuura zvinhu zvakaita seshuga kana mapuroteni. Kusangana nePFAS kwakakura uye hakugumiri mumvura yekunwa chete.
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Gwaro remitemo rakaratidza mazano emiganhu yePFAS mukunwa mvura muhupenyu hwemunhu.
Pasi pechirongwa ichi, muganho wePFOA - chinhu chinoshandiswa kugadzira Teflon - waizoderedzwa kubva pa560 ng/L kusvika pa200 ng/L, zvichibva pauchapupu hwemigumisiro yavo inokonzera kenza.
Zvichibva pakufunganya kutsva nezvemhedzisiro yemubofu, miganhu yePFOS - yaimbova chinhu chikuru muScotchgard inodzivirira jira - yaizoderedzwa kubva pa70 ng/L kusvika pa4 ng/L.
Muna Zvita gore rapera, International Agency for Research on Cancer yakaisa PFOA muboka rinokonzera kenza kuvanhu - muchikamu chimwe chete nekunwa doro nekusvibiswa kwemhepo panze - uye PFOS se "zvingangoita" zvinokonzera kenza.
Mirayiridzo iyi inopawo miganhu mitsva yemakemikari maviri ePFAS zvichibva pauchapupu hwemhedzisiro yethyroid, ye30ng/L yePFHxS uye 1000 ng/L yePFBS. PFBS yave ichishandiswa sekutsiva PFOS muScotchgard kubvira muna 2023.
Mukuru weNHMRC, Prof Steve Wesselingh, vakataura mumusangano wevatori venhau kuti miganhu mitsva yakaiswa zvichibva pauchapupu hwakawanikwa muzvidzidzo zvemhuka. "Parizvino hatitendi kuti kune zvidzidzo zvevanhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvekutitungamira mukuvandudza nhamba idzi," vakadaro.
Muganho wePFOS wakarongwa unoenderana nemirairo yeUS, ukuwo muganho wePFOA wekuAustralia uchiri wakakwira.
"Hazvishamisi kuti tsika dzenhungamiro dzisiyane kubva munyika nenyika pasi rose zvichibva panzira dzakasiyana siyana uye magumo anoshandiswa," akadaro Wesseleigh.
Chinangwa cheUS ndechekuti pasave nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinokonzera kenza, ukuwo vatongi vekuAustralia vachitora nzira ye "threshold model".
"Kana tikasvika padanho iroro, tinotenda kuti hapana njodzi yekuti chinhu ichocho chikonzere dambudziko rakawanikwa, kungave matambudziko ethyroid, matambudziko emapfupa kana kenza," akadaro Wesseleigh.
NHMRC yakafunga nezvekuisa muganho wemvura yekunwa yePFAS pamwe chete asi yakaona kuti hazvishande tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwemakemikari ePFAS. "Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwePFAS, uye hatina ruzivo rwechepfu kune vazhinji vavo," akadaro Dr David Cunliffe, chipangamazano mukuru wehunhu hwemvura kudhipatimendi rehutano reSA, "Tatora nzira iyi yekugadzira tsika dzePFAS dzemunhu mumwe nemumwe kana paine data riripo."
Kutungamirirwa kwePFAS kunogovaniswa pakati pehurumende yenyika nedunhu nenzvimbo, izvo zvinodzora kugoverwa kwemvura.
Dr Daniel Deere, nyanzvi yezvemvura nehutano kuWater Futures, vakati vanhu vekuAustralia havafanirwe kunetseka nezvePFAS mumvura yekunwa yeruzhinji kunze kwekunge vaziviswa zvakananga. "Tine rombo rakanaka muAustralia nekuti hatina mvura yakawanda inokanganiswa nePFAS, uye munofanira kunetseka chete kana makapihwa mazano zvakananga nevakuru."
Kunze kwekunge zvataurwa zvakasiyana, "hapana kukosha kwekushandisa dzimwe nzira dzemvura, dzakadai semvura yemumabhodhoro, masisitimu ekuchenesa mvura yemumba, mafirita emvura yemuno, matangi emvura yemuno kana maburi," akadaro Deere mumashoko ake.
"Vanhu vekuAustralia vanogona kuramba vachivimba kuti nhungamiro dzemvura yekunwa dzekuAustralia dzinosanganisira sainzi yazvino uye yakasimba kwazvo kutsigira kuchengetedzeka kwemvura yekunwa," Prof Stuart Khan, mukuru weSchool of Civil Engineering paYunivhesiti yeSydney, vakadaro muchiziviso.
NHMRC yakaisa pamberi kuongororwa kwemitemo yeAustralia pamusoro pePFAS mumvura yekunwa pakupera kwegore ra2022. Mirayiridzo iyi yakanga isati yagadziriswa kubva muna 2018.
Gwaro remitemo richaramba riripo kuti veruzhinji vataure nezvazvo kusvika musi wa22 Mbudzi.
Kutaura zvazviri, tinogona kushandisa masensa emhando yemvura kuti tione mhando yemvura, tinogona kupa masensa akasiyana-siyana ekuyera maparameter akasiyana mumvura kuti muwane ruzivo.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-02-2024