Chii chinonzi PFAs? Zvese zvaunoda kuziva
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Australia inogona kuomesera mitemo ine chekuita nemazinga anogamuchirwa emakemikari akakosha ePFAS mumvura yekunwa, ichidzikisa huwandu hweanodaidzwa kuti zvachose makemikari anobvumidzwa parita.
National Health and Medical Research Council nemusi weMuvhuro yakaburitsa dhizaini nhungamiro yekudzokorora miganho yemakemikari mana ePFAS mumvura yekunwa.
PFAS (per- uye polyfluoroalkyl zvinhu), kirasi yezviuru zvakati makomisheni, dzimwe nguva inonzi "nekusingaperi makemikari" sezvaanoramba ari mumhepo kwenguva yakareba uye anonetsa kuparadza kupfuura zvinhu zvakaita seshuga kana mapuroteni. PFAS kuratidzwa kwakafara uye hakugumiri pamvura yekunwa.
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Iyo dhizaini nhungamiro inoisa kurudziro yePFAS miganho mumvura yekunwa pamusoro pehupenyu hwemunhu.
Pasi pechinyorwa, muganho wePFOA - musanganiswa unoshandiswa kugadzira Teflon - waizodzikiswa kubva pa560 ng/L kusvika 200 ng/L, zvichibva pauchapupu hwemhedzisiro yavo inokonzera cancer.
Zvichienderana nekunetseka kutsva nezve mhedzisiro yemwongo wemapfupa, iyo miganho yePFOS - yaimbova chinhu chakakosha mumudziviriri wejira Scotchgard - yaizotemwa kubva pa70 ng/L kusvika 4 ng/L.
Muna Zvita gore rapfuura, International Agency for Research on Cancer yakaronga PFOA seinokonzeresa gomarara kuvanhu - muchikamu chimwe chete nekunwa doro uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunze - uye PFOS se "pamwe" carcinogenic.
Nhungamiro iyi inopawo miganho mitsva yemakomponi maviri ePFAS zvichienderana nehumbowo hwemhedzisiro yethyroid, ye30ng/L yePFHxS uye 1000 ng/L yePFBS. PFBS yakashandiswa sekutsiva PFOS muScotchgard kubvira 2023.
Mukuru weNHMRC, Prof Steve Wesselingh, akataura mumusangano wenhau kuti miganho mitsva yakaiswa zvichienderana nehumbowo kubva kuzvidzidzo zvemhuka. “Parizvino hatitendi kuti kune zvidzidzo zvevanhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvinotitungamirira mukugadzira nhamba idzi,” akadaro.
Muganho wakatsanangurwa wePFOS waizoenderana neUS nhungamiro, nepo muganho weAustralia wePFOA uchiri wepamusoro.
"Hazvina kujairika kuti tsika dzekutungamira dzisiyane kubva nyika nenyika pasirese zvichibva pamaitiro akasiyana uye magumo anoshandiswa," Wesseleigh akadaro.
IUS inovavarira zero kuomeswa kwecarcinogenic compounds, ukuwo Australian regulators vachitora "threshold model" maitiro.
"Kana tikasvika pasi pechikumbaridzo ichocho, tinotenda kuti hapana ngozi yechinhu ichocho chinokonzera dambudziko rakaonekwa, kana ari matambudziko ehutano, matambudziko emapfupa emapfupa kana kenza," akadaro Wesseleigh.
Iyo NHMRC yakafunga kuseta yakasanganiswa PFAS mvura yekunwa muganho asi yakaona zvisingaite kupihwa huwandu hwemakemikari ePFAS. "Kune huwandu hukuru hwePFAS, uye hatina ruzivo rwehuchepfu kune vazhinji vavo," Dr David Cunliffe, chipangamazano mukuru wezvemhando yemvura kubazi rezvehutano reSA, vakadaro. "Takatora nzira iyi yekugadzira nhungamiro yemunhu kune iyo PFAS uko kune data iripo."
PFAS manejimendi inogovaniswa pakati pehurumende yemubatanidzwa nenyika nematunhu, ayo anodzora kupihwa kwemvura.
Dr Daniel Deere, chipangamazano wemvura uye hutano kuMvura Futures, vakati vanhu vekuAustralia vaisafanira kuve nehanya nePFAS mumvura yekunwa yeruzhinji kunze kwekunge vanyatsoziviswa. "Tine rombo rakanaka muAustralia nekuti hatina kana mvura inobatwa nePFAS, uye unofanirwa kuve nehanya kana ukarairwa zvakananga nevakuru.
Kunze kwekunge varairwa neimwe nzira, pakanga pasina "kukosha pakushandisa mamwe matsime emvura, akadai semvura yemubhodhoro, masisitimu ekuchenesa mvura emumba, mabhenji emvura mafirita, matangi emvura emvura emunharaunda kana zviboora," Deere akadaro mukutaura.
"Vanhu veAustralia vanogona kuramba vachinzwa vane chivimbo chokuti Australian Drinking Water Guidelines inobatanidza sainzi yazvino uye yakasimba kuti itsigire kuchengetedzwa kwemvura yekunwa," Prof Stuart Khan, mukuru weChikoro cheCivil Engineering paYunivhesiti yeSydney, vakadaro mukutaura.
NHMRC yakaisa mberi kuongororwa kwemitemo yeAustralia pamusoro pePFAS mumvura yekunwa pakupera kwe2022. Mirayiridzo yakanga isati yavandudzwa kubvira 2018.
Gwaro rekunyorwa kwegwaro richaramba riripo kuti veruzhinji vaonekwe pfungwa dzavo kusvika 22 Mbudzi.
Muchokwadi, isu tinogona kushandisa ma sensors emhando yemvura kuona kunaka kwemvura, tinogona kupa akasiyana ma sensors kuyera ma parameter akasiyana mumvura kuti utarise.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-02-2024