Senyika yakakura kwazvo pasi rose ine masango, iri munzvimbo dzinopisa dzine mvura yakawanda uye mamiriro ekunze anowanzoitika, Indonesia inotarisana nemafashamo senjodzi yakajairika uye inoparadza. Kuti igadzirise dambudziko iri, hurumende yeIndonesia yakasimudzira zvikuru kuvaka kweFlood Early Warning System (FEWS) yakavakirwa paInternet of Things (IoT) uye tekinoroji yepamusoro yekuona mumakore achangopfuura. Pakati pematekinoroji aya, radar flow mita, rain gauges, uye displacement sensors zvinoshanda semidziyo mikuru yekuwana data, zvichiita basa rakakosha.
Inotevera inyaya yakazara yekushandiswa inoratidza mashandiro anoita matekinoroji aya pamwe chete mukuita.
I. Nhoroondo yeProjekiti: Jakarta neRwizi rweCiliwung
- Nzvimbo: Guta guru reIndonesia, Jakarta, uye rwizi rweCiliwung runoyerera nemuguta.
- Dambudziko: Jakarta iri munzvimbo dzakaderera uye ine vanhu vakawanda kwazvo. Rwizi rweCiliwung runowanzozara munguva yemvura, zvichikonzera mafashamo emaguta nemafashamo enzizi, zvichikonzera njodzi huru kuhupenyu nepfuma. Nzira dzechinyakare dzekunyevera dzakavakirwa pakutarisa nemaoko hadzina kukwanisa kugutsa kudiwa kwekunyevera nekukurumidza uye kwakarurama kwekutanga.
II. Chidzidzo Chakadzama Chekushandisa Tekinoroji
MaFEWS munharaunda ino sisitimu inongozvishandira yoga inosanganisa kuunganidzwa kwedata, kutumirwa, kuongororwa, uye kuparadzira. Mhando nhatu idzi dzemasensa dzinoumba "tsinga dzepfungwa" dzesisitimu.
1. Rain Gauge – "Nzvimbo Yekutanga" Yekunyevera Kwekutanga
- Tekinoroji & Mashandiro: Mageji emvura anodonhedza mabhaketi anoiswa panzvimbo dzakakosha murwizi rweCiliwung (semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yeBogor). Anoyera simba remvura uye kuungana kwemvura nekuverenga huwandu hwemapombi madiki ebhaketi mushure mekuzadzwa nemvura yemvura. Iyi data ndiyo yekutanga uye inonyanya kukosha pakufanotaura mafashamo.
- Maitiro Ekushandisa: Kutarisa mvura inonaya panguva chaiyo munzvimbo dziri kumusoro kwerwizi. Mvura yakawanda ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kukwira kwehuwandu hwenzizi. Data rinotumirwa panguva chaiyo kunzvimbo yekuongorora data kuburikidza ne network dzisina waya (semuenzaniso, GSM/GPRS kana LoRaWAN).
- Basa: Rinopa yambiro dzinoenderana nekunaya kwemvura. Kana simba remvura pane imwe nguva rikadarika mwero wakatarwa mukati menguva pfupi, sisitimu iyi inoburitsa yambiro yekutanga, ichiratidza mukana wekufashamira kwemvura pasi pemvura uye kutenga nguva inokosha yekupindura zvinotevera.
2. Chiyero cheRadar Flow Meter - "Ziso Rinorinda" reCore
- Tekinoroji & Mashandiro: Mita yekuyerera kweradar isingabatanidzi mvura (inowanzo sanganisira masensa emvura yeradar uye masensa ekumhanya kweradar pamusoro) inoiswa pamabhiriji kana kumahombekombe ari pedyo neRwizi rweCiliwung nehova dzaro huru. Inoyera kukwirira kwemvura (H) uye kumhanya kwemvura pamusoro perwizi (V) zvakananga nekuburitsa ma microwave achienda pamusoro pemvura uye kugamuchira zviratidzo zvinoratidzwa.
- Mamiriro Ekushandisa: Anotsiva masensa echinyakare ekubata (senge masensa e ultrasonic kana e pressure), ayo anowanzo vharika uye anoda kugadziriswa kwakawanda. Tekinoroji ye radar haina marara, huwandu hwevhu, uye ngura, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera mamiriro erwizi rweIndonesia.
- Basa:
- Kutarisa huwandu hwemvura: Kunotarisa huwandu hwenzizi panguva chaiyo; kunotanga nyevero pamatanho akasiyana pakarepo kana huwandu hwemvura hwapfuura mwero wenyevero.
- Kuverenga Kuyerera Kwemvura: Pamwe chete nedata remvura yakarongwa kare, sisitimu iyi inoverenga yega kubuda kwemvura murwizi panguva chaiyo (Q = A * V, uko A iri nzvimbo yakayambuka mvura). Kubuda kwemvura chiratidzo chemvura chesainzi kupfuura huwandu hwemvura chete, zvichipa mufananidzo wakarurama wehukuru hwemvura nesimba remvura.
3. Sensor yeKutama - "Health Monitor" yeInfrastructure
- Tekinoroji & Mashandiro: Michina yekukweshana nemidziyo yekukweshana yakaiswa pazvivakwa zvakakosha zvekudzora mafashamo, zvakaita semaburi ekudzivirira mafashamo, madziro ekuchengetedza, uye zvinotsigira mabhiriji. Ma sensor aya ekuchinjana anogona kuona kana chivakwa chiri kukweshana, kugadzikana, kana kutsveyama ne millimeter-level kana kuti neunyanzvi hwakanyanya.
- Mamiriro Ekushandisa: Kuderera kwevhu idambudziko guru muzvikamu zveJakarta, zvichikonzera njodzi kwenguva refu kuchengetedzeka kwezvivakwa zvekudzivirira mafashamo zvakaita semaburi emvura. Ma sensor ekutamiswa kwevhu anoiswa munzvimbo dzakakosha uko njodzi dzinogona kuitika.
- Basa: Rinopa yambiro dzekuchengetedza chivakwa. Munguva yemafashamo, mvura yakawanda inomanikidza zvakanyanya pamadziro. Masensa ekutamisa zvinhu anogona kuona madiki madiki ari muchivakwa. Kana mwero wekukanganisika ukakurumidza kana kupfuura mwero wekuchengetedza, sisitimu inoburitsa alarm, ichiratidza njodzi yenjodzi dzechipiri dzakadai sekuputsika kwedhamu kana kudonha kwevhu. Izvi zvinotungamira kubuda kwevanhu uye kugadziriswa kwechimbichimbi, zvichidzivirira njodzi huru.
III. Kubatanidzwa kweSisitimu uye Mafambiro Ebasa
Ma sensor aya haashande ari ega asi anoshanda pamwe chete kuburikidza nepuratifomu yakabatanidzwa:
- Kuwanikwa kweData: Sensor yega yega inounganidza data otomatiki uye nguva dzose.
- Kutumirwa kweData: Data rinotumirwa panguva chaiyo kune sevha yedata yedunhu kana yepakati kuburikidza nemanetiweki ekutaurirana asina waya.
- Kuongorora Data & Kugadzira Sarudzo: Software yehydrological modeling iri pakati inosanganisira mvura inonaya, huwandu hwemvura, uye data rekuburitsa mvura kuti iite simulations yekufanotaura mafashamo, ichifanotaura nguva yekusvika uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwemafashamo. Panguva imwe chete, data re displacement sensor rinoongororwa zvakasiyana kuti riongorore kugadzikana kwezvivakwa.
- Kuparadzirwa kweNyevero: Kana chero poindi imwe chete yedata kana musanganiswa wedata ukadarika mwero wakatarwa, sisitimu inoburitsa zviziviso pamatanho akasiyana kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai seSMS, maapplication enharembozha, social media, uye ma siren kumasangano ehurumende, madhipatimendi e emergency response, uye veruzhinji vari munharaunda dziri pedyo nerwizi.
IV. Kubudirira uye Matambudziko
- Kubudirira:
- Nguva Yakawedzerwa Yekutungamirira: Nguva yekuyambira yave nani kubva pamaawa mashoma apfuura kusvika kumaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere izvozvi, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya kugona kwekubatsira panguva yekukurumidzira.
- Kusarudza Sainzi: Mirairo yekubvisa vanhu kubva munzvimbo dzavanogara uye kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa zvakanyatsojeka uye zvinoshanda, zvichibva padata renguva chaiyo uye mamodheru ekuongorora.
- Kuderedza Kurasikirwa Kwehupenyu Nepfuma: Nyevero dzekutanga dzinodzivirira zvakananga vanhu vanokuvara uye dzinoderedza kukuvara kwepfuma.
- Kutarisa Kuchengetedzeka Kwezvivakwa: Kunobvumira kutarisa hutano hwezvivakwa zvekudzivirira mafashamo nekuchenjera uye nguva dzose.
- Matambudziko:
- Mari yekuvaka nekuchengetedza: Network ye sensor inofukidza nzvimbo yakakura inoda mari yekutanga yakawanda uye mari yekuchengetedza inoenderera mberi.
- Kufukidzwa Kwekutaurirana: Kufukidzwa kwenetiweki kwakasimba kuchiri dambudziko munzvimbo dziri kure nemakomo.
- Kuzivisa Veruzhinji: Kuva nechokwadi chekuti mashoko ekunyevera anosvika kune vanoshandisa ruzivo uye kuvakurudzira kuti vatore matanho akakodzera kunoda dzidzo nekudzidziswa nguva dzose.
Mhedziso
Indonesia, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru yemafashamo akadai seJakarta, iri kuvaka sisitimu yekuyambira mafashamo yakasimba nekushandisa masensa epamusoro anomiririrwa nemamita ekuyerera kweradar, magauge emvura, uye masensa ekutama. Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza zvakajeka kuti modhi yekutarisa yakabatana - kusanganisa denga (kutarisa mvura), pasi (kutarisa rwizi), uye mainjiniya (kutarisa zvivakwa) - inogona kushandura paradigm yekupindura njodzi kubva pakununura mushure mechiitiko kuenda pakunyevera zvisati zvaitika uye kudzivirira nekukurumidza, zvichipa ruzivo rwakakosha kune nyika nenzvimbo dziri kutarisana nematambudziko akafanana pasi rese.
Seti yakakwana yemaseva nesoftware isina waya module, inotsigira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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