Muzvinafundo Boyd anotaura nezvechinhu chakakosha, chinokonzeresa kushushikana chinogona kuuraya kana kukonzera kusada kudya, kunonoka kukura uye kukonzeresa kurwara.
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa pakati pevanodzidza nezvemvura kuti kuwanikwa kwezvipenyu zvechikafu zvekudya kunoganhurira kugadzirwa kweshrimp nehove zhinji mumadziva kusvika pa500 kg pahekita pachirimwa (kg/ha/crop). Muchidimbu-yakanyanya tsika neyakagadzirwa chikafu uye zuva nezuva kuchinjana kwemvura asi pasina aeration, kugadzirwa kazhinji kunogona kusvika 1,500–2,000 kg/ha/chirimwa, asi pagoho rakakura, huwandu hwechikafu hunodiwa hunokonzera njodzi huru yekudzika DO. Nekudaro, yakanyungudika okisijeni (DO) ndiyo yakakosha shanduko mukuwedzerwa kwegoho repond aquaculture.
Mechanical aeration inogona kuiswa kuwedzera huwandu hwekudya kunogoneka uye kubvumira goho rakakura. Simba rega rega rebhiza pahekita yemhepo inobvumira kutenderedza 10-12 kg/ha yekudya zuva nezuva kune mazhinji etsika marudzi. Kugadzirwa kwe10,000–12,000 kg/ha/chiriho hakuna kujairika nekukwira kwemhepo. Kunyange zvibereko zvakakura zvinogona kuwanikwa mumadziva epurasitiki ane mutsara uye matangi ane mazinga akakwirira emhepo.
Mumwe haawanzonzwa nezvekudzipwa kana kushushikana-kweokisijeni mukugadzirwa kwehuku, nguruve nemombe dzakarerwa zvakanyanya, asi zviitiko izvi zvinowanzoitika mune zvemumvura. Zvikonzero zvakanyungudutswa okisijeni zvakakosha mukurima kwemvura zvichatsanangurwa.
Mhepo iri pedyo nepasi ine 20,95 muzana oksijeni, 78,08 muzana yenitrogen, uye zvikamu zviduku kubva muzana zvecarbon dioxide nemamwe magasi. Huwandu hwema molecular oxygen hunodiwa kuti huzadze mvura yakachena pane yakajairwa atmospheric pressure (760 milliliters of mercury) uye 30 degrees-C is 7.54 mg per litre (mg/L). Zvechokwadi, masikati apo photosynthesis iri kuenderera mberi, mvura iri mudziva inowanzozara ne DO (iyo yekuisa inogona kuva 10 mg / L kana kupfuura mumvura yepamusoro), nokuti kugadzirwa kweokisijeni nephotosynthesis yakakura kudarika kurasikirwa kweokisijeni nekufema uye kupararira kumhepo. Husiku kana photosynthesis yamira, iyo yakanyungudika mhepo yeokisijeni inodzikira - dzimwe nguva isingasviki 3 mg / L inowanzoonekwa seyakanyanya kugamuchirwa yekumisikidzwa kune mazhinji emhuka dzemvura dzakarimwa.
Mhuka dzepanyika dzinofema mumhepo kuti dziwane molecular oxygen, iyo inotorwa kuburikidza nealveoli mumapapu avo. Hove uye shrimp zvinofanirwa kupomba mvura mukati megill yavo kuti itore molecular oxygen kuburikidza negill lamellae yavo. Kuedza kufema kana kupomba mvura kuburikidza nemagill kunoda simba rinoenderana nehuremu hwemhepo kana mvura inobatanidzwa.
Huremu hwemweya nemvura hunofanirwa kufemerwa kana kupomba kuratidza nzvimbo dzekufema kune 1.0 mg yemamorekuru okisijeni ichaverengerwa. Nemhaka yokuti mhepo ine 20.95 muzana oksijeni, inenge 4.8 mg yemhepo inenge iine 1.0 mg oksijeni.
Mudhamu reshrimp rine mvura ine 30 ppt salinity pa30 degrees-C (water density = 1.0180 g/L) iyo yakanyungudutswa oksijeni concentration pakuzara nemhepo i6.39 mg/L. Vhoriyamu ye0.156 L yemvura yaizova ne1.0 mg yeokisijeni, uye yaizorema 159 gramu (159,000 mg). Iyi inguva 33,125 yakakura kudarika huremu hwemhepo ine 1.0 mg oxygen.
Simba rakawanda rinoshandiswa nemhuka dzemumvura
Shrimp kana hove dzinofanira kushandisa simba rakawanda kuti dziwane mwero weokisijeni kupfuura zvinoita mhuka yepanyika. Dambudziko rinotonyanya kukura kana iyo yakanyungudika yeoksijeni kuzara mumvura inodzikira nekuti yakawanda mvura inofanirwa kupombwa mumagill kuti iaise kune 1.0 mg oxygen.
Kana mhuka dzepanyika dzichibvisa okisijeni kubva mumhepo, okisijeni inodzoreredzwa nyore, nekuti mhepo inotenderera yakasununguka nekuti yakanyanya kuderera kupfuura mvura, semuenzaniso, kuwanda kwemhepo pa25 degrees-C ndeye 1.18 g / L kana ichienzaniswa ne995.65 g / L yemvura yakachena pane imwe tembiricha. Mune aquaculture system, okisijeni yakanyungudika inobviswa nehove kana shrimp inofanira kutsiviwa nekupararira kweokisijeni yemumhepo mumvura, uye kutenderera kwemvura kunodiwa kufambisa okisijeni yakanyungudika kubva pamusoro pemvura kupinda mukoramu yemvura yehove kana kuti pasi kune shrimp. Mvura inorema kudarika mhepo uye inotenderera zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura mhepo, kunyange kana kutenderera kunobatsirwa nemichina yakadai semaaerator.
Mvura inobata okisijeni shoma zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nemhepo - pakuzara uye 30 madhigirii-C, mvura yakachena i 0.000754 muzana oksijeni (mhepo i20.95 muzana oksijeni). Kunyange zvazvo molecular oxygen inogona kukurumidza kupinda pamusoro pemvura yakawanda, kufamba kweokisijeni yakanyunguduka kuburikidza nehuremu hwose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwemvura yakazara neokisijeni pamusoro inosanganiswa muhuwandu hwemvura kuburikidza ne convection. Hove hombe kana shrimp biomass mudziva inogona kupedza oxygen yakanyungudika nekukurumidza.
Kupa oxygen kwakaoma
Kuoma kwekupa hove kana shrimp neoksijeni kunogona kuenzanisirwa sezvinotevera. Miyero yehurumende inobvumira vanhu vanosvika 4.7 paskweya mita pazviitiko zvekunze. Ngatitii munhu wega wega anoyera avhareji yepasi rose ye62 kg, ipapo paizova ne2,914,000 kg/ha yehupenyu hwevanhu. Hove uye shrimp kazhinji zvine chinodikanwa cheokisijeni pakufema kwakatenderedza 300 mg okisijeni/kg uremu hwemuviri paawa. Huremu hwehove hwehove hunogona kupedza okisijeni yakanyungudika mudhamu remvura yakachena 10,000-cubic-mita rakatanga razadzwa neokisijeni pa30 madhigirii-C mumaminetsi angangosvika mashanu, uye mhuka dzetsika dzinoshaya mweya. Vanhu zviuru makumi mana nezvinomwe pahekita imwe chete pachiitiko chekunze vanenge vasiri kusangana nedambudziko rekufema mushure memaawa akawanda.
Okisijeni yakanyungudutswa chinhu chakakosha chekuchinja nekuti chinogona kuuraya mhuka dzemumvura zvakananga, asi nguva dzose, yakaderera yakanyungudika yeokisijeni inosimbisa mhuka dzemumvura dzinotungamira kukushaya kudya, kunonoka kukura uye zvakanyanya kubatwa nechirwere.
Kuenzanisa kuwanda kwemhuka uye kudya kwekudya
Okisijeni yakanyungudika yakaderera zvakare yakabatana nekuitika kweangangoita chepfu metabolites mumvura. Mishonga iyi inosanganisira carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrite uye sulfide. Semutemo wakajairwa, mumadziva umo maitiro ekutanga emhando yemvura echitubu akakodzera hove uye shrimp tsika, matambudziko emhando yemvura achange asina kujairika chero bedzi yakakwana yakanyungudutswa okisijeni yakasimbiswa. Izvi zvinoda kuenzanisa masitokisi uye mareti ekudyisa nekuwanikwa kweokisijeni yakanyungudika kuburikidza nemasikirwo emasikirwo kana sekuwedzerwa neaeration mutsika system.
Mumvura yakasvibira tsika mumadziva, iyo yakanyungudika oksijeni kutenderera kunonyanya kukosha husiku. Asi mumhando nyowani, dzakanyanya kusimba dzetsika, kudiwa kweokisijeni yakanyungudika kukuru uye yakanyungudika oksijeni kusungirirwa kunofanirwa kuramba kuchichengetedzwa nemechani aeration.
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Yakasiyana-siyana yemhando yemvura sensors yereferensi yako, unogamuchirwa kubvunza
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-30-2024