Purofesa Boyd anotaura nezvedambudziko guru rinokonzera kushushikana rinogona kuuraya kana kukonzera kusadya zvakanaka, kukura zvishoma nezvishoma uye kubatwa nezvirwere zvakanyanya.
Zvinozivikanwa pakati pevanorima hove kuti kuwanikwa kwezvipenyu zvechisikigo kunoderedza kugadzirwa kweshrimp nemarudzi mazhinji ehove mumadziva kusvika pa500 kg pahekita pachirimwa chimwe nechimwe (kg/ha/chirimwa). Mukurima zvishoma nekudya kwakagadzirwa uye kuchinjana kwemvura zuva nezuva asi pasina mhepo, kugadzirwa kunogona kusvika 1,500–2,000 kg/ha/chirimwa, asi kana goho rakakura, huwandu hwechikafu hunodiwa hunokonzera njodzi huru yekushomeka kweDO. Saka, okisijeni yakanyungudutswa (DO) chinhu chakakosha mukuwedzerwa kwegoho rekurima hove dzemadziva.
Kufefetedza kwemhepo kunogona kushandiswa kuti kuwedzere huwandu hwechikafu chinoiswa uye kugonesa goho guru. Simba rega rega remagetsi pahekita rinobvumira anenge 10-12 kg/ha yechikafu zuva nezuva kune mhando zhinji dzinokura. Kugadzirwa kwe10,000–12,000 kg/ha/chirimwa hakusi kushaikwa kana mhepo yakawandisa ichifefetedza. Goho guru rinogona kuwanikwa mumadziva nematangi ane mapurasitiki ane mhepo yakawanda.
Kashoma kunzwa nezvekudzipwa kana kushushikana kunokonzerwa neokisijeni mukugadzirwa kwehuku, nguruve nemombe dzinorerwa dzine huwandu hwakawanda, asi izvi zvinowanzoitika mukurima gungwa. Zvikonzero nei okisijeni yakanyungudika ichikosha mukurima gungwa zvichatsanangurwa.
Mhepo iri pedyo nepasi ine 20.95 muzana yeokisijeni, 78.08 muzana yeokisijeni, uye zvikamu zvidiki zvekabhoni diokisijeni nemamwe magasi. Huwandu hweokisijeni yemamorekuru hunodiwa kuti igutse mvura yakachena pamhepo yakajairwa (760 milliliters yemercury) uye 30 degrees-C i7.54 mg pa litre (mg/L). Ehe, masikati apo photosynthesis iri kuenderera mberi, mvura iri mudziva inowanzo zara neDO (huwandu hunogona kuva 10 mg/L kana kupfuura mumvura yepamusoro), nekuti kugadzirwa kweokisijeni nephotosynthesis kwakakura kupfuura kurasikirwa kweokisijeni nekufema uye kupararira mumhepo. Husiku apo photosynthesis inomira, huwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa hunoderera - dzimwe nguva pasi pe3 mg/L inowanzoonekwa sehuwandu hunogamuchirwa kune mhando zhinji dzemvura dzinorimwa.
Mhuka dzepanyika dzinofema mhepo kuti dziwane okisijeni yemamorekuru, iyo inonyudzwa kuburikidza nealveoli mumapapu adzo. Hove neshrimp dzinofanira kupomba mvura nepakati pematumbu adzo kuti dziwane okisijeni yemamorekuru kuburikidza nepamatumbu adzo. Kushanda nesimba kwekufema kana kupomba mvura nepakati pematumbu kunoda simba zvichienderana nehuremu hwemhepo kana mvura inosanganisirwa.
Huremu hwemhepo nemvura hunofanirwa kufemerwa kana kupombwa kuti nzvimbo dzekufema dzisvike pa 1.0 mg ye oxygen yemamorekuru huchaverengerwa. Nekuti mhepo ine 20.95 muzana ye oxygen, inenge 4.8 mg yemhepo ichave ne 1.0 mg ye oxygen.
Mudziva remashrimp rine mvura ine 30 ppt munyu pa30 degrees-C (huwandu hwemvura = 1.0180 g/L) huwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa pakuzara kwemhepo i6.39 mg/L. Vhoriyamu ye0.156 L yemvura ingave ne1.0 mg yeokisijeni, uye inorema magiramu 159 (159,000 mg). Izvi zvakakura ka33,125 kupfuura huremu hwemhepo ine 1.0 mg yeokisijeni.
Simba rakawanda rinoshandiswa nemhuka dzemumvura
Kamba kana hove dzinofanira kushandisa simba rakawanda kuti dziwane okisijeni yakaenzana neyainoita mhuka yepanyika. Dambudziko rinova guru kana huwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa mumvura hukadzikira nekuti mvura yakawanda inofanira kupombwa mumagill kuti iwane okisijeni ye1.0 mg.
Mhuka dzepanyika padzinobvisa okisijeni mumhepo, okisijeni inodzoserwa zviri nyore, nekuti mhepo inotenderera zvakasununguka nekuti haina kukora zvakanyanya kupfuura mvura, semuenzaniso, huwandu hwemhepo pa25 degrees-C i1.18 g/L zvichienzaniswa ne995.65 g/L yemvura yakachena patembiricha imwechete. Munzvimbo yekurima gungwa, okisijeni yakanyungudutswa inobviswa nehove kana shrimp inofanira kutsiviwa nekupararira kweoxygen yemumhepo mumvura, uye kutenderera kwemvura kunodiwa kuti okisijeni yakanyungudutswa ifambe kubva pamusoro pemvura ichienda mukoramu yemvura yehove kana pasi peshrimp. Mvura inorema kupfuura mhepo uye inotenderera zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura mhepo, kunyangwe kutenderera kuchibatsirwa nemichina yakaita semaaerator.
Mvura inochengeta okisijeni shoma zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nemhepo - painozara uye pa30 degrees-C, mvura yakachena i0.000754 muzana yeokisijeni (mhepo i20.95 muzana yeokisijeni). Kunyangwe okisijeni yemamorekuru ichigona kupinda nekukurumidza pamusoro pemvura, kufamba kweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa kuburikidza nehukuru hwese kunoenderana nekuwanda kwemvura yakanyungudutswa yeokisijeni pamusoro pemvura kuburikidza ne convection. Hove hombe kana kuti shrimp biomass mudziva inogona kuderedza okisijeni yakanyungudutswa nekukurumidza.
Kupa okisijeni kwakaoma
Dambudziko rekupa hove kana kuti shrimp okisijeni rinogona kuratidzwa seizvi. Mitemo yehurumende inobvumira vanhu vanosvika 4.7 pa square meter pamitambo yekunze. Ngatitii munhu wega wega anorema avhareji yepasi rose ye62 kg, saka paizova ne2,914,000 kg/ha yebiomass yevanhu. Hove neshrimp zvinowanzova neoxygen inodiwa pakufema inenge 300 mg oxygen/kg huremu hwemuviri paawa. Huremu uhwu hwebiomass yehove hunogona kupedza oxygen yakanyungudutswa mudziva remvura yakachena rine 10,000 cubic-meter rakatanga rakazara oxygen pa30 degrees-C mumaminitsi mashanu, uye mhuka dzinokura dzaizodzipwa. Vanhu zviuru makumi mana nezvinomwe pahekita pamutambo wekunze havazoomerwi nekufema mushure memaawa akati wandei.
Okisijeni yakanyungudutswa chinhu chakakosha nekuti inogona kuuraya mhuka dzinochengetwa mumvura zvakananga, asi nguva dzose, huwandu hushoma hweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa hunoshungurudza mhuka dzemumvura zvichikonzera kushaya nzara, kunonoka kukura uye mukana wekuwana zvirwere zvakanyanya.
Kuenzanisa huwandu hwemhuka uye zvekudya zvinoiswa mumhuka
Okisijeni shoma yakanyungudutswa inobatanidzwawo nekuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvinogona kuva nengozi mumvura. Chepfu idzi dzinosanganisira carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrite uye sulfide. Kazhinji, mumadziva umo hunhu hwemvura hwemvura hwakakodzera kuchengetwa kwehove neshrimp, matambudziko emhando yemvura achava asina kujairika chero bedzi huwandu hwakakwana hweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa hwakasimbiswa. Izvi zvinoda kuenzana kwehuwandu hwekudya neokisijeni yakanyungudutswa kuburikidza nezvitubu zvechisikigo kana sekuwedzerwa nemhepo muhurongwa hwekukura.
Munzvimbo dzinochengetwa mvura yakasvibirira mumadziva, huwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudika hunonyanya kukosha husiku. Asi mumhando itsva dzekurima, kudiwa kweokisijeni yakanyungudika kwakanyanya uye huwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudika hunofanira kuramba huchichengetwa nekushandisa michina yekufema.
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Ma sensor emhando dzakasiyana-siyana emhando yemvura kuti muwane ruzivo, tinokugamuchirai kuti mubvunze
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-30-2024