Mumufananidzo mukuru wekurima kwakangwara, maonero edenga (meteorology) awedzera kukura, asi kuchine mukaha mukuru wedata mukunzwisisa ivhu (ivhu). Ivhu, sehwaro hwekukura kwezvirimwa uye rinotakura mvura inovaka muviri, rine kuomarara kwemukati kwakakura kupfuura mamiriro ekunze epamusoro. Sisitimu yekuona ivhu yekurima yakangwara yakatangwa neHONDE Company iri kushandura iyi "nyika ine rima" kuita ma "data streams" akajeka, enguva chaiyo uye anoshanda ne network yayo yekutarisa ine mazinga akawanda uye akawanda, ichiva injini huru inotyaira kurima kwakaringana kubva pa "kuona" kuenda ku "kuita".
I. Pfungwa yeSisitimu: Kubva pakuyera-point imwe chete kusvika pakuona kwezvakatipoteredza
Kuongororwa kwevhu kwechinyakare kunowanzoitwa kwega uye kunoitwa panzvimbo imwe chete. Sisitimu yeHONDE inovaka sisitimu yekuona ine mativi matatu uye ine network:
Kureba kwakamira: Nekushandisa masensa ekuongorora ane hurefu hwakasiyana (senge 6cm, 10cm, 20cm, uye 30cm), hunyoro, tembiricha, uye kufambiswa kwemvura (munyu) wepamusoro pevhu, vhudzi remidzi, uye vhudzi repasi zvinotariswa panguva imwe chete, uye madhayagiramu epamusoro ekutakura mvura uye kuunganidzwa kwemunyu anodhirowa.
Kureba kwenzvimbo: Isa ma sensor nodes mumunda kuti uratidze kusiyana kwenzvimbo kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita semaumbirwo evhu, kufanana kwemvura yekudiridza, uye nzvimbo, zvichipa mepu yemishonga yekushanda kwakasiyana-siyana.
Kukura kweParameter: Kubatanidza tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekuona, mamwe mamodheru epamusoro-soro anogona kuwedzerwa kuti atarise mashandiro epH yevhu uye zvinovaka muviri zvakakosha (zvakaita senitrogen, phosphorus, uye potassium), zvichiita kuti pave nekuongorora kwakazara kubva munzvimbo chaiyo kusvika kunzvimbo yemakemikari.
Ii. Tekinoroji Yepakati: Yakavimbika, Yakarurama uye Yakangwara "Mutariri Wepasi Pevhu"
Kunzwa kwakanyatsojeka uye kugara kwenguva refu: Ichishandisa masensa akavakirwa pamisimboti yakaita seFrequency Domain reflectance (FDR), inoita kuti kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemvura kugare kwenguva refu. Probe iyi yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvisingakanganise ngura uye zvikamu zvayo zvemagetsi zvakavharwa zvizere, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera munzvimbo dzakaoma uko inogona kuvigwa kwenguva yakareba.
Magadzirirwo e iot ane simba shoma: Ma sensor nodes anofambiswa ne solar panels kana mabhatiri e lithium anogara kwenguva refu. Kuburikidza nematekinoroji asina waya akadai seLoRa, NB-IoT kana 4G, data rinotumirwa ku cloud panguva chaiyo, zvichiita kuti rivharwe zvakanyanya uye "kusaisa waya".
Edge computing uye yambiro yekutanga yekuchenjera: Yakashongedzerwa nemaalgorithms akangwara, inogona kutanga zviratidzo zvekunyevera kwekutanga munharaunda zvichibva pamiganhu yakatarwa (yakadai semitsara yekunyevera yekusanaya kwemvura uye kukosha kwengozi yemunyu), ichibatanidza zvakananga mavharuvhu ekudiridza kuti iwane nzira yekukurumidza kubva pa "kutarisa - kuita sarudzo mugore - kuita - chiito".
Iii. Maitiro Ekushandisa Zvinhu Zvikuru uye Hunhu Hwakanaka Mukurima Kwakangwara
"Mutongi Mukuru" wekudiridza nekuchenjera
Uku ndiko kushandiswa kwakananga uye kunobatsira zvikuru kwezviyereso zvevhu. Sisitimu iyi inoshandura sarudzo dzekudiridza nekutarisa nguva chaiyo kushushikana kwehunyoro hwevhu kana huwandu hwemvura mumidzi.
Kudiridza panguva yekudiwa: Tanga kudiridza chete kana zvirimwa zvichinyatsoda. Kana tichienzanisa nemuenzaniso wenguva kana weruzivo, unogona kuchengetedza avhareji ye20-40% yemvura.
Gadzirisa nzira dzekudiridza: Zvichibva padata remvura kubva pakadzika kwakasiyana, tungamira kushandiswa kwe "kudiridza kwakadzika kuti midzi ikure" kana "kudiridza kusina kudzika kuti kuzadza hunyoro", zvichigadzira midzi yakasimba.
Dzivisai kubuda kwemvura uye kuyerera kwemvura: Dzivisai kurasikirwa nezvinovaka muviri uye kurasirwa kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekudiridza zvakanyanya.
2. "Nyanzvi Yezvekudya" yeKutarisira Mvura Nefetereza Zvakasanganiswa
Kana sisitimu iyi ikabatanidza munyu (EC) uye zvinovaka muviri, kukosha kwayo kunowedzera:
Kuisa manyowa nemazvo: Tarisa huwandu hwemaion muvhu kuti uwane kuwedzerwa kwemanyowa nemazvo zvichienderana nekuwanda kwezvirimwa, zvichiwedzera kushandiswa kwemanyowa ne15-30%.
Yambiro yekutanga uye manejimendi yekukuvara kwemunyu: Kutarisa nguva chaiyo kwehunhu hweEC, kutanga chirongwa chekusuka munyu usati waunganidza zvinokuvadza midzi yezvirimwa kuchengetedza hutano hwezvirimwa.
Gadzirisa maforoma ekuberekesa: Ruzivo rwenguva refu runobatsira kugadzirisa maforoma emvura nefetereza kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa nevhu nezvirimwa zvakasiyana.
3. "Chishandiso Chekuongorora Pakutanga" Chehutano hweIvhu uye Hutano hweZvirimwa
Nyevero yekushushikana: Kuchinja kusina kujairika kwekupisa kwevhu kunogona kuratidza kukuvara kwechando kana kukuvara kwekupisa. Kuchinja kamwe kamwe kwehunyoro kunogona kuratidza zvirwere zvemidzi kana kudonha kwepombi.
Nzira dzekurima: Tarisa hunyoro hwevhu uye sarudza nguva yakanakisa yekurima, kudyara kana kukohwa; Ongorora mhedzisiro yenzira dzekuchengetedza dzekurima dzakadai sekuchengetedza matanda uye kusarima kuburikidza nedata renguva refu.
Kutarisira ivhu uchishandisa data: Gadzirai matura evhu edhijitari mumunda, teverai shanduko dzenguva refu muzvinhu zvipenyu zvevhu, munyu nezvimwe zviratidzo, uye gadzirai hwaro hwekutarisira ivhu nenzira inochengetedza nharaunda.
4. "Data Correlator" yeKuburitsa uye Kuvandudza Hunhu
Nekuita ongororo yedata guru pamusoro pedata rezvakatipoteredza muvhu munguva yekukura uchishandisa mepu yekupedzisira yegoho uye data rekuongorora mhando (senge huwandu hweshuga nehuwandu hweprotein), zvinhu zvikuru zvevhu zvinokanganisa goho nehunhu hwezvirimwa zvinogona kuratidzwa, nokudaro zvichivandudza matanho ekutarisira zvakapesana uye zvichizadzisa "kubereka nekurima kunotungamirwa nedata".
Iv. Mabhenefiti eSisitimu uye Kudzoka pakudyara mari
Chinjo mukuita sarudzo: Shandura muenzaniso wekudiridza nekututira kubva pa "nguva yakatarwa uye yakayerwa" kuenda kumuenzaniso unotungamirirwa nedata we "paunoda uye unoshanduka".
Kuderedza mitengo uye kuvandudza mashandiro: Chengetedza mari yemvura, fetereza, simba uye vashandi zvakananga, uye nguva yekubhadhara mari inowanzo kuve mwaka mumwe kusvika mitatu yekurima.
Kuvandudza mhando uye kudzikamisa kugadzirwa: Nekuchengetedza nzvimbo yakanaka yemidzi, kuderedza kushushikana kwezvirimwa, uye kuwedzera kuenderana uye mwero wekutengeswa kwezvirimwa zvekurima.
Kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza: Kuderedza zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwezvirimwa zvisina tsarukano, zvichibatsira pazvinangwa zvekurima zvisina tsarukano uye kusapindira kwekabhoni.
Kukwanisa Kukura: Senzvimbo yekuisa data yeInternet yeZvinhu zvekurima, inogona kubatanidzwa zviri nyore nenzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze, madrone, uye masisitimu ekutyaira ega emuchina wekurima kuti uvake uropi hwakakwana hwepurazi redhijitari.
V. Nyaya Yekufungidzira: Kukohwa Kunobva Padata
Purazi guru resoya nebhinzi kuMidwestern United States rakaisa network yeHONDE soil sensor. Sisitimu iyi yakawana kuti mumunda mumwe chete, inenge 15% yenzvimbo iyi yaive nevhu rakadzikira zvakanyanya pakubata mvura. Pasi pehurongwa hwekudiridza hwakarurama, nzvimbo idzi dzakawana kudiridza kwakawanda, nepo nzvimbo dzine simba rekubata mvura dzakaderera zvinoenderana. Mushure memwaka mumwe chete wekurima, purazi harina kungochengetedza 22% yemvura chete asi rakawedzerawo kugadzikana kwegoho remunda ne18%, sezvo rakabvisa "kushomeka" kwekugadzirwa kwakaderera kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwemvura munharaunda. Murimi akati, "Chatiri kutarisira izvozvi hachisi munda mumwe chete, asi zviuru nezviuru zvemayuniti madiki evhu ane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana."
Mhedziso
Chinangwa chikuru chekurima kwakangwara ndechekutarisira kugadzirwa kwekurima sekunge ifekitari chaiyo. Uye ivhu ndiro nzvimbo yekugadzira uye yekugadzira ye "fekitori yehupenyu". Sisitimu yeHONDE yekunzwa ivhu kwakangwara yakashongedza kona yega yega yeworkshop iyi ne "zvishandiso zvekutarisa" uye "maswichi ekudzora". Inoita kuti zvisingaonekwe zvionekwe, zvakaoma kudzora uye zviverengeke. Uku hakusi kungofambira mberi kwetekinoroji chete, asiwo kushandura hukama hwekugadzira - kuri kusimudzira varimi kubva pa "vashandi vevhu" kuenda ku "vanotarisira data uye vanogadzirisa ivhu", vachigadzira nzira yakajeka inotungamirirwa nedata yekusimudzira kurima kwepasi rose pasi pekushomeka kwezviwanikwa.
Nezve HONDE: Semuvaki wezvivakwa zvekurima zvedhijitari, HONDE inotarisa pakushandura minda yekurima kuita midziyo yedhijitari inoverengerwa uye inogadziriswa kuburikidza nekuona kwakavimbika, kubatana kwakanaka, uye kuongorora kwakangwara. Tinotenda kuti kushandura ivhu zvakadzama mudhijitari ndiyo kiyi huru yekuvhura ramangwana rekurima.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve sensor yevhu,
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Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-08-2025