Munguva ino yeLidar, masateraiti emamiriro ekunze, uye mamodheru ekufanotaura kweAI, mudziyo uri nyore wemuchina—mabhaketi maviri madiki epurasitiki ne lever—unoramba uri sosi yedata remvura ye95% yenzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze dzinozviitikira dzoga pasi rose. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mainjiniya ari nyore uye kuti sainzi yemamiriro ekunze iri kuita democracy.
Nhaka kubva kuFlorence Beats muParizvino
Muna 1822, nyanzvi yenyeredzi yekuBritain George Symons akagadzira chiyereso chekutanga chemvura chinoshanda muFlorence.
Kusimba kwemuchina uye nzira yakajeka yekuongorora mvura inoyerera mubhaketi zvinoita kuti isatsiviwe pakuyera mvura inonaya.
Chikamu 1: Dhizaini Isingaperi - Nei Kureruka Kuri Kunyatsonzwisisika
1.1 Nheyo Yechikanika Chakakosha: Kutamba Kwemuviri Kwakanaka
Kuvhiya uku kutamba kwefizikisi kwakagadzirwa nemutambo:
1: Dhizaini Isingaperi - Nei Kureruka Kuri Kunyatsonzwisisika
1.1 Nheyo Yechikanika Chakakosha: Kutamba Kwemuviri Kwakanaka
Kuvhiya uku kutamba kwefizikisi kwakagadzirwa nemutambo:
- Kuunganidzwa: Mvura yemvura inopinda nemufunnel yakajairika.
- Dzorerazve: Bhaketi rakapesana rinopinda panzvimbo yaro, rakagadzirira kutenderera kunotevera.
Maitiro aya anoshandura huwandu hwemvura inoenderera mberi kuita mapuroteni anoverengeka, zvichipa mukana wekuzvarwa nawo wekunyora data otomatiki.
| Paramita | Bhaketi Rinoisa Tip | Optical Disdrometer | Kufungidzira kwemvura yeRadar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kugadziriswa | 0.1 mm | 0.01 mm | 0.5-1 mm |
| Kururama (muchidimbu) | ±3% | ±5% | ±20-50% |
| Kubudirira kwemvura zhinji | Yakanaka kwazvo (<150 mm/awa) | Zviri pakati nepakati (zvinowanzo zara) | Chinoshanduka-shanduka |
| Nguva Yekugadzirisa | Mwedzi 6-12 | Mwedzi 3-6 | Kuongororwa nguva dzose kunodiwa |
| Mutengo weChimwe Chete | $200 – $1,000 | $2,000 – $5,000 | Mutengo wedanho resystem |
2: Network Yenyika Yose - Mapoka eData reMamiriro ekunze
2.1 Mutsindo weNational Networks
USA: Network yeCommunity Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow (CoCoRaHS) ine vanhu vanozvipira vanopfuura 20,000 vanoshandisa zviyero zvakajairwa, nedata richiendeswa zvakananga kuNational Weather Service.
Europe: Chirongwa cheSPICE cheWMO chakaisa zviyero zvekutarisa munyika gumi neshanu kuti zvibatanidze zviyero zvekuenzanisa.
Japan: Zviteshi zveAutomated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) zvinosvika 1,300 zvinoshandisa magauge ekupisa emabhaketi kuyera mvura inonaya uye mvura yechando.
2.2 Mashandisirwo Akakosha
- Kufanotaura nezveMafashamo: Sisitimu yekunyevera nezvemafashamo yeThames Barrier inoshandisa network yakawanda yemagauji emabhaketi ekukwira, zvichipa maawa maviri kusvika matanhatu enguva yekutungamira.
- Kurima Kwakanyatsonaka: Mapurazi ari muCentral Valley yeCalifornia anoshandisa data rekuongorora kuti kudiridza kuwedzere kunaka, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwemvura ne25-40%.
- Urban Hydrology: "Cloudburst Management Plan" yeCopenhagen inoshandisa magauji mazana matatu ekuongorora huwandu hwemvura inonaya panguva chaiyo.
- Tsvagiridzo yeMamiriro ekunze: Makore makumi matanhatu eruzivo rwunoramba ruchienderera mberi kubva kunzvimbo dzeAlpine muSwitzerland humbowo hukuru hwekudzidza kuchinja kwemaitiro ekunaya kwemvura.
3: Matambudziko Emazuva Ano & Miganhu Yekuvandudza Zvinhu
3.1 Zvikanganiso Zvinozivikanwa & Kugadziriswa
Tsvagiridzo dzemazuva ano dzakaongorora uye dzakagadzira magadzirisirwo ezvakamboitika pakukanganisa:
- Kusabatwa zvakanaka kunokonzerwa nemhepo: Kushanda zvakanaka kunoderera ne10-20% mumhepo inopfuura 5 m/s (yakagadziridzwa nekudzivirira mhepo).
- Kurasikirwa nemweya: Kunogona kukonzera kusatarisirwa zvakanaka kwe1-3% kana kuchipisa (zvichideredzwa nekuputirwa kwakakosha).
- Mvura Yakanyanya Kupisa: Nguva yekutendeuka kwebhaketi inova chinhu chinogumira pamusoro pe150 mm/awa (inogadziriswa nehurongwa hwemabhaketi maviri).
3.2 Kuvandudzwa muZvishandiso neKugadzira
- Kudhinda kwe3D: Mapurojekiti ekushandisa pachena akadai se "OpenRain" anopa zvinhu zvinodhindwa, zvichideredza mitengo kusvika pasi pemadhora makumi maviri.
- Zvinhu Zvepamusoro: Mabhaketi epolymer akasimbiswa nekabhoni-fiber anoderedza kuwedzera kwekupisa, zvichideredza kudonha kunokonzerwa nekupisa.
- Mapendi Ekuzvichenesa: Mapendi eNano-scale hydrophobic anoderedza guruva uye kusvibiswa kwezvisikwa, zvichiita kuti kugadzirisa kuwedzere.
3.3 Kubatanidzwa neIoT neAI
- Edge Intelligence: Mamodheru matsva anosanganisira microprocessors kuti ashandise maalgorithms ekuona zvinhu zvisina kujairika munharaunda.
- Kuenzanisa Network: Maalgorithms anoshandisa kuverenga kubva kumagauge akawanda munzvimbo imwe chete kuti aratidze otomatiki zvishandiso zvinoda kugadziriswa.
- Kusanganiswa kweData Rakaunganidzwa: Makambani akaita seClimaCell anobatanidza data kubva kuzviuru zvemagauge anodhura zvishoma kuti avandudze kururama kwemuenzaniso wekufanotaura.
4: Chikamu Chezvemagariro Evanhu - Kusimudzira Sainzi Yemamiriro Ekunze
4.1 Sangano reSainzi yeVagari
- Dzidzo: Zvikoro zvakawanda pasi rose zvinoshandisa kuunganidza nekuisa magauge sechirongwa cheSTEM.
- Kusimudzira Nharaunda: Chirongwa cheAfrica che "Farmer Weathermen" chinodzidzisa vagari veko kushandisa zviyero zviri nyore pakusarudza kudyara.
- Democracy yeData: Mapuratifomu ehardware/software anovhura-source anobvumira vanhu kupa data kuma network epasi rose.
4.2 Zvehupfumi & Kusvikika
- Kuchinja Kwemutengo: Kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwaderedza mutengo wepakati pemodule kubva pamadhora mazana mashanu kusvika pamadhora makumi mashanu.
- Kukanganiswa kweNyika Dzepasi Pose: Dhipatimendi rezvemamiriro ekunze reIndia rakawedzera huwandu hwenzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze zvakapetwa kashanu richishandisa nzira dzekubhadhara mari shoma.
Mhedziso
Kuyera mvura inonaya mubucket gauge ndiyo nzira huru inobatanidza kutenderera kwemvura kwePasi nekunzwisisa kwevanhu, chinhu chikuru chesainzi yemamiriro ekunze yakatenderwa nedemokrasi, uye chapupu chakavimbika sezvatinotarisana neramangwana risina chokwadi pamwe chete.
Seti yakakwana yemaseva nesoftware isina waya module, inotsigira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Kuti muwane mamwe mageji emvura ruzivo,
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Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2025