Iyo Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) inzvimbo yakakura, inoshingirira, uye inosimbisa oxygen shoma zone (OMZ) inotora inokwana hafu yenzvimbo yese yepasi rose OMZs. Mukati meOMZ musimboti (∼350–700 m kudzika), okisijeni yakanyungudutswa inowanzova padyo kana pazasi peyero yekuongorora yekuongorora yemazuva ano masensa (∼10 nM). Matsinga eokisijeni gradients pamusoro uye pazasi peOMZ musimboti anotungamira kune yakatwasuka magadzirirwo enharaunda tupukanana dzinosiyanawo pakati pe-particle-associated (PA) uye yemahara-yekurarama (FL) saizi zvikamu. Pano, isu tinoshandisa 16S amplicon sequencing (iTags) kuongorora kusiyana uye kugoverwa kwehuwandu hweprokaryotic pakati peFL nePA saizi zvikamu uye pakati pehuwandu hweambient redox mamiriro. Mamiriro e hydrographic panzvimbo yedu yekudzidza aive akasiyana neakambotaurwa muETNP nemamwe maOMZ, akadai seETSP. Tevera okisijeni yekuisa (∼0.35 μM) yaivepo mukati meiyo OMZ musimboti panzvimbo yedu yekuenzanisira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuunganidza nitrite kwaiwanzo kutaurwa kune OMZ cores kwaive kusipo sekutevedzana kweanammox bacteria (Brocadiales genus.CandidatusScalindua), iyo inowanzowanikwa mhiri kweoxic-anoxic miganhu mune mamwe masisitimu. Nekudaro, mabhakitiriya ammonia-oxidizing (AOB) uye archaea (AOA) kugovera uye maximal autotrophic kabhoni assimilation rates (1.4 μM C d–1) inopindirana neinonzi yakanzi ammonium concentration padhuze nepamusoro peOMZ musimboti. Mukuwedzera, nhengo dzejenasiNitrospina, hutachiona hwe nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) clade yaivepo inoratidza kuti zvese ammonia uye nitrite oxidation inoitika pakutevera huwandu hweokisijeni. Ongororo yekuenzanisa bvunzo (ANOSIM) uye Non-metric Dimensional Scaling (nMDS) yakaratidza kuti mabhakitiriya uye archaeal phylogenetic anomiririra aive akasiyana zvakanyanya pakati pezvikamu zvehukuru. Kubva pane ANOSIM uye iTag profiles, kuumbwa kwePA maassemblages kwakange kusinganyanyi kukanganiswa neyakadzama-inotsamira biogeochemical hutongi kupfuura chikamu cheFL. Kubva pakuvapo kweAOA, NOB uye kutsvaga okisijeni muchikamu cheOMZ tinokurudzira kuti nitrification chirongwa chinoshanda mukutenderera kwenitrogen yedunhu iri reETNP OMZ.
Nhanganyaya
Mukupindura kuenderera mberi kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye zviitiko zvevanhu munharaunda, kuwanda kweokisijeni yakanyungudika kwave kuderera mugungwa rakashama uye mumahombekombe egungwa masisitimu (Breitburg et al., 2018) Inofungidzirwa kurasikirwa kweokisijeni kubva mugungwa rakashama mukati memakore makumi matanhatu apfuura inodarika 2% (Schmidtko et al., 2017), kugadzira kushushikana nezvemhedzisiro yekuwedzera kweokisijeni-yakapera nzvimbo (Paulmier naRuiz-Pino, 2009) Vhura maOMZ emugungwa anoumba kana kugadzirwa kwepamusoro pepamusoro kuchipisa kudiwa kweokisijeni yebhayoloji mumvura iri pasi pepamusoro pemvura inodarika mwero wekufemesa kwemhepo pakadzika. Oxygen concentrations muOMZ water columns inogona kuva nematehwe magradients (oxycline) kumusoro uye pasi peoxygen-depleted core kugadzira hypoxic (kazhinji pakati pe2 ne ~ 90 μM), subboxic (<2 μM) uye anoxic (pazasi peyero yekuona (∼10 nM) zvikamu zvezviyero zvakasiyana (Bertagnolli naStewart, 2018) Oxygen gradients inotungamira kune yakamira yakamira metazoan uye microbial nharaunda uye biogeochemical maitiro pamwe neaya akawandisa oxyclines (Belmar et al., 2011).
Mamwe emhando yepamusoro yekurasikirwa nenitrogen yakanyorwa muOMZs yeEastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) neSouth Pacific (ETSP) (Callbeck et al., 2017;Penn et al., 2019), iyo yakanyatsogadziriswa Cariaco Basin (Montes et al., 2013), Gungwa reArabia (Ward et al., 2009), uye OMZ yeBenguela upwelling system (Kuypers et al., 2005) Mune masisitimu aya, maitiro ehutachiona hwecanonical denitrification (heterotrophic kuderedzwa kwenitrate kusvika kunitrogen yepakati uye kazhinji kune dinitrogen gasi) uye anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) inotungamira mukurasikirwa nenitrogen iyo inogona kudzikamisa kugadzirwa kwekutanga.Ward et al., 2007) Uyezve, oceanic nitrous oxide emissions (gasi rine simba regreenhouse) kubva ku microbial denitrification inoitika muOMZs inofungidzirwa kuti inotora chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chepasi rose natural nitrous oxide emissions.Naqvi et al., 2010).
Iyo ETNP OMZ inzvimbo yakakura, inoramba ichiwedzera, uye ichiwedzera oxygen shoma inosvika hafu yenzvimbo yese yepasi rose OMZs, iri pakati pe0–25°N latitude uye 75 ne180°W longitude (Paulmier naRuiz-Pino, 2009;Schmidtko et al., 2017) Nekuda kwekukosha kwavo kwezvakatipoteredza, iyo biogeochemistry uye microbial kusiyana kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeETNP OMZ dzakadzidzwa zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso,Beman naCarolan, 2013;Duret et al., 2015;Ganesh et al., 2015;Chronopoulou et al., 2017;Pack et al., 2015;Peng et al., 2015) Zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvinoshuma kuti okisijeni yakanyungudika mune iyi OMZ musimboti (∼250-750 m kudzika) kazhinji iri padyo kana pazasi pekuongorora miganhu (∼10 nM) (Tiano et al., 2014;Garcia-Robledo et al., 2017) Zvisinei, pamwe nechekuchamhembe kwe ETNP's OMZ (nzvimbo yekudzidza nzvimbo ~ 22 ° N) kuwedzera kweokisijeni pa 500 m inogona kusvika gore negore pakati pe10 ne20 μM (Paulmier naRuiz-Pino, 2009; Data kubva kuWorld Ocean Atlas 2013)1. Munguva yemushandirapamwe wemumunda wakataurwa pano, takayera okisijeni muchikamu cheOMZ pahuwandu hwakakwana (0.35 μM) kutsigira aerobic microbial process, yakadai seammonium uye nitrite oxidation, uye inodzivisa zvishoma zvakakosha anaerobic microbial process. Aerobic microbial maitiro akaonekwa kare mune inoita senge subboxic kana anoxic layers yeETNP OMZ (Peng et al., 2015;Garcia-Robledo et al., 2017;Penn et al., 2019) Nekudaro, zvinhu zvinotonga kugovera uye zviitiko zveakananga anoshanda mapoka ezvipembenene muOMZ hazvisati zvanyatsonzwisiswa.
Kuvapo kwe nitrifiers uko okisijeni isingaonekwe muOMZ inogona kutsanangurwa nekuchinja kwechangobva kuitika munzvimbo yakatwasuka ye oxycline nekuda kwe episodic vertical oxygen ventilation, iyo inogona kutungamirira kune ephemeral trace okisijeni mazinga mukati meOMZ cores.Muller-Karger et al., 2001;Ulloa et al., 2012;Garcia-Robledo et al., 2017) Mamiriro ezvinhu enguva pfupi akadaro anogona kushandiswa neaerobic kana microaerophilic populations, kusanganisira nitrifiers. Uyezve, zvidimbu zvinonyura kubva muepipelagic (masero akaunganidzwa, fecal pellets, uye yakaoma organic zvinhu) zvinogona kuve neanoteedzera mazinga eokisijeni.Ganesh et al., 2014) Nekudaro, maokisijeni uye ma aerobic microbes anogona kutakurwa kuenda kune imwe nzira inoxic mvura, kwenguva pfupi ichibvumira aerobic metabolism kuti iitike mukubatana nezvimedu. Zvimedu zvinozivikanwa kuve hotspots ye microbial biogeochemical cycling (Simon et al., 2002;Ganesh et al., 2014) uye inogona kutsigira kusiyanisa anaerobic kana aerobic microbial maitiro asina kucherechedzwa munharaunda yemahara (Alldredge naCohen, 1987;Wright et al., 2012;Suter et al., 2018).
Muchidzidzo chazvino, isu tinoongorora nharaunda dzeprokaryotic dzinogara kumucheto kwekuchamhembe kweETNP's OMZ uye zvakatipoteredza izvo zvingangopesvedzera kugovera kwavo kwakatwasuka vachishandisa 16S amplicon sequencing (iTags) yakasanganiswa nehuwandu hwakawanda. Takaongorora zvikamu zviviri zvehukuru; iyo yemahara-inorarama (0.2-2.7 μm) chikamu, uye chidimbu-chinobatanidzwa chikamu (> 2.7 μm, kutora zvimedu pamwe nemasero eprotistan) pakadzika kwakawanda pamwe neoxycline inoenderana neyakasiyana redox mamiriro.
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Nguva yekutumira: Jul-05-2024