Kushandiswa kweIndia kweSisitimu Yakabatanidzwa Yekutarisa Yekunyevera Mafashamo Ekukurumidza - Nyaya yeHimachal Pradesh

Pfupiso

India inyika inowanzo kanganiswa nemafashamo emvura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzeHimalaya dzekuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Nzira dzechinyakare dzekugadzirisa njodzi, dzinowanzo tarisa pakurwisa njodzi mushure menjodzi, dzakakonzera kufa kukuru uye kurasikirwa kwehupfumi. Mumakore achangopfuura, hurumende yeIndia yakasimudzira zvakasimba kushandiswa kwemhinduro dzetekinoroji yepamusoro dzekuyambira mafashamo emvura. Chidzidzo ichi, chakatarisana neHimachal Pradesh yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya, chinotsanangura mashandisirwo, kushanda, uye matambudziko ehurongwa hwayo hwakabatanidzwa hwekunyevera mafashamo emvura (FFWS), hunosanganisa mita dzemvura dzinoyerera neradar, gauges dzemvura dzinongoerekana dzaitika, uye sensors dzekutama.

1. Ruzivo rweProjekiti uye Zvinodiwa

Nzvimbo yeHimachal Pradesh ine makomo akareba nemipata yakadzika, ine nzizi dzakawanda. Munguva yemwaka wemvura inonaya (Chikumi-Gunyana), inonyanya kukanganiswa nemvura inonaya kwenguva pfupi, ine simba guru inokonzerwa nemhepo inonaya kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, zvichikonzera mafashamo makuru uye kudonha kwevhu. Njodzi yeKedarnath ya2013 muUttarakhand, iyo yakauraya zviuru zvevanhu, yakashanda senzira yakakosha yekumutsa vanhu. Network yemvura yechinyakare yaive shoma uye kutapurirana kwedata kwaive kwanonoka, kusingakwanise kuzadzisa kudiwa kwekutarisa kwakarurama uye yambiro nekukurumidza yekunaya kwemvura kwakangoerekana kwaitika, kwakanyanya munzvimbo.

Zvinodiwa Zvikuru:

1. Kutarisa Nguva Chaiyo: Kuunganidzwa kwedata remvura nerwizi munzvimbo dziri kure dzisingasvikiki.
2. Kufanotaura Kwakarurama: Gadzirai mamodheru akavimbika ekunaya kwemvura kuti mufanotaura nguva yekusvika uye huwandu hwemafashamo.
3. Kuongorora Njodzi dzeGeological: Kuongorora njodzi yekusagadzikana kwemateru uye kudonha kwevhu kunokonzerwa nemvura yakawanda.
4. Yambiro Yekukurumidza: Tumira ruzivo rweyambiro kune vakuru vemunharaunda nenharaunda kuti utenge nguva inokosha yekubuda.

2. Zvikamu zveSisitimu uye Mashandisirwo eTekinoroji

Kuti vagadzirise zvinodiwa izvi, Himachal Pradesh yakabatana neCentral Water Commission (CWC) neIndia Meteorological Department (IMD) kuti vaise FFWS yepamusoro munzvimbo dzayo dzine njodzi huru (semuenzaniso, Sutlej, Beas basin).

1. Mageji emvura anongoerekana abuda (ARGs)

• Basa: Semayuniti ekuona zviri mberi uye zvakakosha, maARG ane basa rekuunganidza data rakakosha: kuwanda kwemvura inonaya uye mvura inonaya yakawanda. Ichi ndicho chinokonzera kuumbwa kwemafashamo.
• Zvinhu Zvehunyanzvi: Vachishandisa nzira yekuisa bhaketi, vanoburitsa chiratidzo chega chega chemvura inonaya inosvika 0.5mm kana 1mm, vachitumira data panguva chaiyo kunzvimbo yekudzora kuburikidza neGSM/GPRS kana kutaurirana nesatellite. Vanoiswa munzvimbo dzepamusoro, pakati, nepazasi dzenzvimbo dzemvura kuti vagadzire network yekutarisa yakawanda, vachitora kusiyana kwenzvimbo inonaya mvura.
• Basa: Ipa data rekuisa pakuverenga modhi. Kana ARG ikanyora huwandu hwemvura inonaya hunopfuura mwero wakatarwa (semuenzaniso, 20 mm paawa), sisitimu inotanga otomatiki yambiro yekutanga.

2. Mamita eRadar Anoyerera/Mamita eRadar Asina Kubata (Masensa eRadar eMazinga eMvura)

• Basa: Dzakaiswa pamabhiriji kana pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, dzinoyera daro kusvika pamusoro perwizi pasina kubata, nokudaro dzichiverenga huwandu hwemvura panguva chaiyo. Dzinopa yambiro yakananga kana huwandu hwemvura huchipfuura zviratidzo zvengozi.
• Zvimiro zveUnyanzvi:
  • Zvakanakira: Kusiyana nemasensa ekare anoshandiswa pakubata, masensa eradar haakanganisike nekudonha kwevhu nemarara anotakurwa nemvura yemafashamo, zvinoda kugadziriswa kushoma uye zvinopa kuvimbika kwakanyanya.
  • Mashandisirwo eData: Data remvura panguva chaiyo, pamwe chete nedata remvura inonaya kumusoro, rinoshandiswa kugadzirisa nekusimbisa mamodheru emvura. Nekuongorora mwero wekukwira kwemvura, sisitimu inogona kufanotaura zvakanyatsonaka huwandu hwemafashamo nenguva yekusvika kwayo munzvimbo dziri pasi pemvura.
• Basa: Ipa humbowo hwakasimba hwekuti mafashamo ari kuitika. Ndiwo akakosha pakusimbisa fungidziro yemvura inonaya uye kukurudzira mhinduro dzenjodzi.

3. Masensa Ekutama/Kutsemuka (Mamita Ekutsemuka & MaInclinometers)

• Basa: Tarisa materu ari panjodzi yekudonha kwevhu kana kuyerera kwemarara kuti uone kana achizobviswa kana kuchinjika. Anoiswa panzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzekudonha kwevhu kana kuti nzvimbo dzine njodzi huru.
• Zvinhu Zvehunyanzvi: Ma sensor aya anoyera kukura kwenzvimbo dzakatsemuka (mamita ekutsemuka) kana kufamba kwevhu pasi pevhu (inclinometers). Kana mwero wekutsakatika unopfuura mwero wakachengeteka, zvinoratidza kudzikira nekukurumidza kwekugadzikana kwemawere uye mukana mukuru wekutsvedza kukuru kana mvura ichinaya nguva dzose.
• Basa: Ipa ongororo yakazvimirira yenjodzi yejeologiya. Kunyangwe mvura ikasasvika padanho rekuzivisa nezvemafashamo, sensor yekutama ichaita kuti pave nenyevero yekuyerera kwevhu/marara kune imwe nzvimbo, zvichibatsira zvikuru pakunyevera nezvemafashamo.

Kubatanidzwa kweSisitimu & Mafambiro Ebasa:
Data kubva kuARGs, radar sensors, uye displacement sensors zvinosangana panzvimbo yekunyevera. Mamodheru enjodzi dzemvura nedzepasi akavakirwa mukati anoita ongororo yakabatana:

1. Ruzivo rwemvura inonaya runoiswa mumamodheru kuti vafanotaura huwandu hwemvura inogona kuyerera uye huwandu hwemvura.
2. Ruzivo rwemvura rweradar panguva chaiyo runoenzaniswa nekufungidzira kuti rurambe ruchigadzirisa uye ruchivandudza kururama kwemuenzaniso.
3. Ruzivo rwekudzingwa runoshanda sechiratidzo chakafanana chekuita sarudzo.
   Kana musanganiswa wedata wapfuura mwero wezviyero zvakatarwa (Advisory, Watch, Warning), sisitimu iyi inoparadzira otomatiki zviziviso kuvakuru vemunharaunda, mapoka ekubatsira panguva yekukurumidzira, uye vatungamiriri venharaunda kuburikidza neSMS, maapplication enharembozha, uye ma siren.

3. Mhedzisiro uye Mhedzisiro

• Nguva Yakawedzerwa Yekutungamirira: Sisitimu iyi yakawedzera nguva dzekuyambira dzakakosha kubva pazero kusvika maawa 1-3, zvichiita kuti kubviswa kwemisha ine njodzi huru kuitike.
• Kuderedza Kurasikirwa Nehupenyu: Munguva yemvura yakawanda mumakore achangopfuura, Himachal Pradesh yakabudirira kubvisa vanhu vakawanda vasati vafa, zvichidzivirira kufa kukuru. Semuenzaniso, mugore ra2022, dunhu reMandi rakabvisa vanhu vanopfuura 2,000 zvichibva payambiro; hapana hupenyu hwakarashika mumafashamo akatevera.
• Kugadzira Sarudzo Dzinotungamirirwa neData: Yakachinja pfungwa kubva pakuvimba nekutonga njodzi neruzivo kuenda pakushandisa nzira dzesainzi uye dzisina kwadzakarerekera.
• Kuwedzerwa Kweruzivo Rwevanhu: Kuvapo kwehurongwa uhwu uye kubudirira kweyambiro kwakawedzera ruzivo rwevanhu uye kuvimba neruzivo rweyambiro dzekutanga.

4. Matambudziko uye Nzira dzeRamangwana

• Kugadzirisa uye Mutengo: Masensa anoiswa munzvimbo dzakaoma anoda kugadziriswa nguva dzose kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti data rinoenderera mberi uye rakarurama, zvichikonzera dambudziko riripo pamari yemunharaunda uye kugona kwehunyanzvi.
• Kutaurirana kwe "Last Mile": Kuva nechokwadi chekuti mashoko ekuyambira asvika kune munhu wese mumusha wese uri kure, kunyanya vakwegura nevana, kunoda kuvandudzwa kwakawanda (semuenzaniso, kuvimba neredhiyo, mabhero emunharaunda, kana magong senzira yekutsigira).
• Kugadzirisa Mamodheru: Nzvimbo yakaoma yeIndia inoda kuti data rirambe richiunganidzwa kuti pave nenzvimbo uye pave nekuvandudzwa kwemamodheru ekufanotaura kuti pave nekururama kuri nani.
• Simba neKubatana: Kuwanikwa kwemagetsi kwakasimba uye kufambiswa kwenetiweki yefoni munzvimbo dziri kure kuchiri kunetsa. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoshandisa simba rezuva nekutaurirana nesatellite, izvo zvinodhura zvakanyanya.

Maitirwo Eramangwana: India inoronga kubatanidza matekinoroji akawanda, akadai se weather radar kuti mvura inyatsonaya, ichishandisa Artificial Intelligence (AI) neMachine Learning kuti iongorore data rekare remaalgorithms ekunyevera akagadziridzwa, uye kuwedzera kufukidzwa kwesystem kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinosangana nemafashamo.

Mhedziso

Sisitimu yekuyambira mafashamo emvura muHimachal Pradesh, India, muenzaniso wenyika dziri kusimukira dzinoshandisa tekinoroji yemazuva ano kurwisa njodzi dzechisikigo. Nekubatanidza magauge emvura otomatiki, mita yekuyerera kweradar, uye masensa ekutama, sisitimu iyi inogadzira network yekutarisa ine mativi akawanda kubva "kudenga kuenda pasi," zvichigonesa shanduko kubva pakupindura pasina kuita chimwe chinhu kuenda pakunyevera kwemvura yemvura yemvura nenjodzi dzayo dzechipiri. Pasinei nematambudziko, kukosha kwakaratidzwa kwesisitimu iyi mukuchengetedza hupenyu nepfuma kunopa muenzaniso unobudirira uye unodzokororwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo pasi rese.

Seti yakakwana yemaseva nesoftware isina waya module, inotsigira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve sensors,

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