Kushandiswa kweIndia kweIntegrated Monitoring System yeFlash Mafashama Yambiro Kwekutanga - Nyaya ye Himachal Pradesh

Abstract

India inyika inowanzokanganiswa nemafashama, kunyanya munzvimbo dzeHimalaya kuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Nzira dzechinyakare dzekugadzirisa njodzi, dzinowanzotarisana nemhinduro dzepashure penjodzi, dzakakonzera kukuvadzwa kukuru uye kurasikirwa kwehupfumi. Mumakore achangopfuura, hurumende yeIndia yakakurudzira zvakasimba kutorwa kwemhinduro dzepamusoro-soro yekunyevera kwekutanga kwemafashama. Ichi chidzidzo chenyaya, chinotarisa pane yakanyanya kukanganiswa Himachal Pradesh, inotsanangura mashandisirwo, kushanda, uye matambudziko eiyo yakabatanidzwa Flash Flood Warning System (FFWS), iyo inosanganisa radar kuyerera kwemamita, otomatiki mvura yegeji, uye displacement sensors.

1. Kumashure kweProjekiti uye Kudiwa

Himachal Pradesh's topography inoratidzwa nemakomo akadzika uye mipata yakadzika, ine dense network yenzizi. Munguva yemwaka wemonsoon (Chikumi-Gunyana), inotapukira kunguva pfupi-pfupi, mvura inonaya yakanyanya kukonzeresa nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero monsoon, zvichiita kuti iparadze mafashamo uye kukoromoka kwevhu. Iyo 2013 Kedarnath njodzi muUttarakhand, iyo yakauraya zviuru, yakashanda seyakakosha kumuka. Manetiweki egauge emvura echinyakare aive mashoma uye kufambiswa kwedata kwakange kwakarembera, kutadza kuzadzisa kudiwa kwekutarisa kwakaringana uye yambiro yekukurumidza yekunaya kwemvura zhinji yakangoerekana yanaya.

Core Zvinoda:

1. Real-time Monitoring: Maminiti muunganidzwa wedata wekunaya kwemvura uye mazinga emvura yenzizi munzvimbo dziri kure, dzisingasvikike.
2. Kufanotaura Kwakarurama: Gadzira mamodheru akavimbika ekunaya kwemvura kufanotaura nguva yekusvika uye chiyero chepamusoro pemafashama.
3. Geological Hazard Risk Assessment: Ongorora njodzi yekusagadzikana kwemateru uye kuondomoka kwevhu kunokonzerwa nekunaya kwemvura zhinji.
4. Yambiro Yekukurumidza: Isa ruzivo rweyambiro zvisina musono kuvakuru venzvimbo nenharaunda kuti utenge nguva yakakosha yekubuda.

2. Zvikamu zveSystem uye Technology Application

Kugadzirisa izvi zvinodiwa, Himachal Pradesh yakabatana neCentral Water Commission (CWC) neIndia Meteorological Department (IMD) kutumira FFWS yepamusoro munzvimbo dzayo dzine njodzi huru (semuenzaniso, Sutlej, Beas mabheseni).

1. Automatic Rain Gauges (ARGs)

• Basa: Semayuniti ekumberi uye akakosha ekunzwa, maARG ane basa rekuunganidza data rakanyanya kukosha: kuwanda kwemvura uye kuwanda kwemvura. Ichi ndicho chakananga chinotyaira chiri kumashure kwemafashama ekugadzira.
• Unyanzvi Zvimiro: Vachishandisa dhizaini yebhaketi, vanogadzira chiratidzo kune yega yega 0.5mm kana 1mm yekunaya kwemvura, vachitumira data munguva-chaiyo kunzvimbo yekudzora kuburikidza neGSM/GPRS kana satellite kutaurirana. Iwo akaiswa zvine hungwaru munzvimbo dzepamusoro, dzepakati, uye dzakaderera dzemvura dzemvura kuti dziite dense yekutarisa network, inobata kusiyanisa kwenzvimbo kwekunaya kwemvura.
• Basa: Ipa data rekuisa yekuverenga modhi. Kana iyo ARG inorekodha kuwanda kwekunaya kwemvura kunodarika chikumbaridzo chakafanoiswa (semuenzaniso, 20 mm paawa), sisitimu inokonzeresa yambiro yekutanga.

2. Asina-Contact Radar Flow/Level Meter (Radar Mvura Level Sensors)

• Basa: Akaiswa pamabhiriji kana mabhangi zvimiro, anoyera chinhambwe chekuenda kurwizi pasina kubatana, nekudaro vachiverenga mwero wemvura chaiwo. Vanopa yambiro yakananga apo mwero wemvura wakapfuura mavanga engozi.
• Technical Features:
  • Zvakanakira: Kusiyana neyakajairwa-yakavakirwa sensors, ma sensors eradar haabatike nekukanganisika kubva kune sediment nemarara anotakurwa nemvura yemafashama, inoda kushoma kugadzirisa uye kupa kuvimbika kwakanyanya.
  • Data Kushandisa: Chaiyo-nguva yemvura nhanho data, yakasanganiswa neyekumusoro kwemvura data, inoshandiswa kugadzirisa uye kusimbisa hydrological modhi. Nekuongorora chiyero chekukwira kwemvura, hurongwa hunogona kunyatsofanotaura mafashama epamusoro uye nguva yaro yekusvika kunzvimbo dzezasi.
• Basa: Ipa humbowo huzere hwekuti mafashama ari kuitika. Ndiwo akakosha pakusimbisa kufanotaura kwekunaya kwemvura uye kukonzeresa mhinduro dzechimbichimbi.

3. Displacement / Crack Sensors (Crack Meters & Inclinometers)

• Basa: Tarisa materu ari panjodzi yekukoromoka kwevhu kana marara anoyerera ekutamisa uye deformation. Iwo akaiswa pamitumbi inozivikanwa pasi pasi kana nzvimbo dzine njodzi huru.
• Mamiriro eunyanzvi: Masensa aya anoyera kuwedzera kwekutsemuka kwepasi (crack metres) kana kufamba kwevhu pasi pevhu (inclinometers). Kana chiyero chekufambisa chichipfuura chikumbaridzo chakachengeteka, chinoratidza kukurumidza kuderera kwekugadzikana kwemateru uye mukana wepamusoro we slide huru pasi pemvura inonaya inoramba ichinaya.
• Basa: Ipa ongororo yakazvimirira yengozi yejoloji. Kunyange kana mvura ikasasvika payambiro yemafashamo, inokonzeresa kusimuka ichaita kuti yambiro yekudonha/kuyerera kwemarara kune imwe nzvimbo, ichishanda seyambiro yakakosha kune yambiro yemafashama.

Kubatanidzwa kweSystem & Workflow:
Dhata kubva kuARGs, radar sensors, uye displacement sensors inoungana panzvimbo yepakati yambiro. Yakavakwa-mu hydrological uye geological hazard mhando vanoita ongororo yakabatanidzwa:

1. Data yekunaya kwemvura inoiswa mumamodheru kuitira kufanotaura uwandu hwemvura inoyerera uye huwandu hwemvura.
2. Real-time radar yemvura level data inofananidzwa nekufembera kuti urambe uchiruramisa nekuvandudza chokwadi chemodhi.
3. Displacement data inoshanda sechiratidzo chakafanana chekuita sarudzo.
   Kana chero musanganiswa wedata ukapfuura preset-akawanda-level zvikumbaridzo (Advisory, Watch, Yambiro), sisitimu yacho inoparadzira ziviso kuvakuru venzvimbo, zvikwata zvekupindura emergency, uye vatungamiriri venharaunda kuburikidza neSMS, nharembozha, uye masiren.

3. Migumisiro uye Impact

• Yakawedzera Nguva Yekutungamira: Iyo sisitimu yakawedzera yambiro yambiro nguva kubva panenge zero kusvika 1-3 maawa, zvichiita kuti kubviswa kwemisha ine njodzi zvakanyanya kuitika.
• Yakaderedzwa Kurasikirwa Kwehupenyu: Munguva dzinoverengeka dzezviitiko zvekunaya kwemvura mumakore achangopfuura, Himachal Pradesh yakabudirira kuita akawanda pre-emptive evacuations, zvinobudirira kudzivirira kukuvara kukuru. Semuenzaniso, muna 2022 monsoon, dunhu reMandi rakabvisa vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zviviri zvichienderana neyambiro; hapana hupenyu hwakarasika mumafashamu akatevera.
• Kuita Sarudzo Inotungamirwa neData: Yakachinjisa paradigm kubva pakutsamira pane ruzivo rwekutonga kuenda kune sainzi uye chinangwa chekutonga njodzi.
• Kuwedzeredzwa Kwekuziva Kweveruzhinji: Kuvapo kwehurongwa uye zviitiko zvakabudirira yambiro zvakawedzera zvakanyanya kuziva kwenharaunda uye kuvimba neruzivo rwekutanga yambiro.

4. Matambudziko uye Nenguva Yemberi

• Kuchengetedza uye Mutengo: Masensa akaiswa munzvimbo dzakaomarara anoda kugadziridzwa nguva nenguva kuti ave nechokwadi chekuenderera mberi kwedata uye kurongeka, zvichiunza dambudziko rinoramba riripo kune yemuno mari uye tekinoroji kugona.
• “Maira Yokupedzisira” Kukurukurirana: Kuita kuti mashoko ekunyevera asvike kumunhu wose ari mumusha uri wose uri kure, kunyanya vakwegura nevana, kunoda imwe gadziridzo (somuenzaniso, kuvimba neredhiyo, mabhero enharaunda, kana mabhero segadziriro).
• Model Optimization: India yakaoma geogirafi inoda kuenderera mberi kuunganidzwa kwedata kuti ive munharaunda nekugadzirisa mamodhi ekufanotaura kuti avandudzwe.
• Simba uye Kubatana: Yakagadzika magetsi ekupa uye cellular network yekuvhara munzvimbo dziri kure zvinoramba zvichinetsa. Zvimwe zviteshi zvinotsamira pasimba rezuva uye kutaurirana nesatellite, izvo zvinodhura.

Mafambiro Emangwana: India inoronga kubatanidza matekinoroji akawanda, akadai semamiriro ekunze radar kuti anyatsoita kunaya kwemvura ikozvino, achishandisa Artificial Intelligence (AI) uye Kudzidza Muchina kuongorora nhoroondo yenhoroondo yeakagadziridzwa yambiro algorithms, uye nekuwedzera kuwedzera kufukidzwa kweiyo system kune dzimwe mafashama-anowanzoitika nyika.

Mhedziso

Iyo yekunyevera mafashama emagetsi muHimachal Pradesh, India, muenzaniso kune nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzinoshandisa tekinoroji yemazuva ano kurwisa njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga. Nekubatanidza otomatiki majeji emvura, radar inoyerera mamita, uye masensa ekufambisa, sisitimu inogadzira inetiweki yekutarisa yakawanda kubva "kudenga kuenda pasi," ichigonesa shanduko kubva pakupindura kusinganzwisisike kune inoshanda yambiro yemafashama emvura uye njodzi dzadzo dzechipiri. Kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi, kukosha kwakaratidza kweiyo system kuchengetedza hupenyu nemidziyo inopa yakabudirira, inodzokororwa modhi yematunhu akafanana pasi rese.

Yakazara seti yemaseva uye software isina waya module, inotsigira RS485 GPRS / 4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

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