Seimwe yenyika dzine simba rezuva rakawanda pasi rose, Saudi Arabia iri kuvandudza indasitiri yayo yekugadzira simba rezuva kuti ifambise shanduko yechimiro chesimba. Zvisinei, dutu rejecha rinowanzoitika munzvimbo dzegwenga rinokonzera guruva rakakomba pamusoro pePV panel, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi - chinhu chikuru chinodzivisa mabhenefiti ehupfumi hwezvigadziko zvesimba rezuva. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora zvakarongeka mamiriro ekushandiswa kwemashini ekuchenesa mapaneru ePV muSaudi Arabia, ichitarisa kuti mhinduro dzekuchenesa dzakangwara dzakagadzirwa nemakambani etekinoroji ekuChina dzinogadzirisa sei matambudziko enzvimbo dzakanyanya dzegwenga. Kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvakawanda, zvinoratidza mabhenefiti avo ehunyanzvi uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi. Kubva kumahombekombe eGungwa Dzvuku kusvika kuguta reNEOM, uye kubva kumadziro ePV akagadziriswa echinyakare kusvika kumasisitimu ekutevera, zvishandiso izvi zvekuchenesa zvakangwara zviri kugadzirazve mamodheru ekuchengetedza eSaudi PV nekushanda kwazvo, maficha ekuchengetedza mvura, uye kugona kwe otomatiki, uku vachipa nzira dzetekinoroji dzinodzokororwa dzekuvandudza simba rinogona kudzokororwa muMiddle East.
Matambudziko eguruva uye zvinodiwa pakuchenesa muindasitiri yePV muSaudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia ine simba rezuva rakasiyana-siyana, ine maawa ezuva egore negore anopfuura 3,000 uye mukana wekugadzira maPV unosvika 2,200 TWh/gore, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yenzvimbo dzinovimbisa pasi rose pakuvandudzwa kwePV. Ichitungamirirwa nehurongwa hwenyika hwe "Vision 2030", Saudi Arabia iri kukurumidza kushandisa simba rayo rinowanikwazve, ichitarisa 58.7 GW yesimba rinowanikwazve panosvika 2030, nePV yezuva ichive chikamu chikuru chenzvimbo. Zvisinei, nepo nzvimbo yakakura yerenje reSaudi Arabia ichipa nzvimbo yakakwana yezvirimwa zvezuva, inewo matambudziko akasiyana ekushanda - kuunganidzwa kweguruva zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwekushanda zvakanaka.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeArabian Peninsula, maPV panels anogona kurasikirwa ne0.4–0.8% yemagetsi anowanikwa zuva nezuva nekuda kwekusvibiswa kweguruva, nekurasikirwa kunogona kudarika 60% panguva yemadutu ejecha akasimba. Kudzikira uku kwekushanda kunokanganisa zvakananga kudzoka kwehupfumi hwezvirimwa zvePV, zvichiita kuti kuchenesa mamodule kuve chinhu chikuru chekuchengetedza maPV erenje. Guruva rinokanganisa maPV panels kuburikidza nenzira nhatu huru: yekutanga, zvidimbu zveguruva zvinovhara chiedza chezuva, zvichideredza kunyudzwa kwe photon nemasero ezuva; yechipiri, zvidimbu zveguruva zvinoumba zvipingamupinyi zvekupisa, kuwedzera tembiricha yemamodule uye kuwedzera kudzikisa kushanda kwekushandura; uye chechitatu, zvikamu zvinoparadza mune rimwe guruva zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwenguva refu kune magirazi nemafuremu esimbi.
Mamiriro ekunze akasiyana eSaudi Arabia anowedzera dambudziko iri. Dunhu regungwa reRed Sea kumadokero kweSaudi Arabia haringosangani guruva chete asiwo mhepo ine munyu wakawanda, zvichikonzera musanganiswa weguruva remunyu unonamira pamusoro pemamodule. Dunhu rekumabvazuva rinosangana nemadutu ejecha anowanzo konzera guruva rakakora pamapaneru ePV mukati menguva pfupi. Pamusoro pezvo, Saudi Arabia inotambura nekushomeka kwemvura zvakanyanya, ne70% yemvura inonwiwa ichishandiswa kubvisa munyu, zvichiita kuti nzira dzechinyakare dzekuwacha nemaoko dzidhure uye dzisarambe dzichishanda. Zvinhu izvi pamwe chete zvinoita kuti pave nekudiwa kukuru kwemhinduro dzekuchenesa dzePV dzinozvishandira dzega, dzinoshanda zvakanaka mumvura.
Tafura: Kuenzanisa Hunhu hwePV Panel Kusvibiswa muMatunhu Akasiyana eSaudi
| Dunhu | Zvinosvibisa Zvikuru | Hunhu hweKusvibiswa | Matambudziko Ekuchenesa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mahombekombe eGungwa Dzvuku | Jecha rakanaka + munyu | Inonamira zvakanyanya, inoparadza | Inoda zvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura, kucheneswa nguva nenguva |
| Renje repakati | Zvidimbu zvejecha rakaomarara | Kuunganidzwa nekukurumidza, kufukidzwa kukuru | Inoda kucheneswa nesimba guru, dhizaini inodzivirira kupera simba |
| Nzvimbo yeMaindasitiri yekuMabvazuva | Guruva remaindasitiri + jecha | Zvakagadzirwa zvakaoma, zvakaoma kubvisa | Inoda kucheneswa kwakawanda, kuramba makemikari |
Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, musika wePV muSaudi Arabia uri kuchinja kubva pakuchenesa nemaoko kuenda pakuchenesa nemaoko zvine hungwaru. Nzira dzechinyakare dzekushandisa nemaoko dzinoratidza zvipingamupinyi zvakajeka muSaudi Arabia: kune rumwe rutivi, nzvimbo dziri kure dzerenje dzinoita kuti mari yevashandi ikwire zvakanyanya; kune rumwe rutivi, kushomeka kwemvura kunodzivirira kushandiswa kukuru kwekuwacha nemagetsi ane simba rakawanda. Zvinofungidzirwa zvinoratidza kuti mumafekitori ari kure, mari yekuchenesa nemaoko inogona kusvika $12,000 paMW pagore, nekushandiswa kwemvura kwakanyanya kunopesana nemaitiro ekuchengetedza mvura muSaudi. Kusiyana neizvi, marobhoti ekuchenesa nemaoko anoratidza mabhenefiti makuru, achichengetedza mari inodarika 90% yevashandi uku achivandudza mashandisirwo emvura kuburikidza nekudzora kwakaringana kuchenesa kakawanda uye kusimba.
Hurumende yeSaudi Arabia nemakambani akazvimirira vanoziva kukosha kwetekinoroji dzekuchenesa dzakangwara, vachikurudzira pachena mhinduro dzinozvigadzira muNational Renewable Energy Program (NREP). Kutungamira uku kwakakurumidzisa kushandiswa kwemarobhoti ekuchenesa mumisika yeSaudi PV. Makambani etekinoroji ekuChina, nezvigadzirwa zvavo zvekare uye ruzivo rwakakura mukushandisa mugwenga, ave vatengesi vanotungamira mumusika wekuchenesa maPV muSaudi Arabia. Semuenzaniso, Renoglean Technology, mubatsiri weSungrow, yakawana maodha erobhoti ekuchenesa anopfuura 13 GW muMiddle East, ichiva mutungamiriri mumusika muSaudi Arabia wemhinduro dzekuchenesa dzakangwara.
Kubva pakuona kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, musika wekuchenesa maPV muSaudi Arabia unoratidza mafambiro matatu akajeka: chekutanga, kushanduka kubva pakuchenesa kwemabasa rimwe chete kuenda kumabasa akabatanidzwa, nemarobhoti ari kuwedzera kuwedzera kugona kwekuongorora uye kuona nzvimbo dzinopisa; chechipiri, kuchinja kubva kumhinduro dzinobva kunze kwenyika kuenda kugadziridzo dzemuno, nezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa mamiriro ekunze eSaudi; uye chechitatu, kufambira mberi kubva pakushanda kwega kuenda kukushandira pamwe kwesisitimu, zvichibatanidzwa zvakanyanya nemaitiro ekutevera uye mapuratifomu akangwara eO&M. Maitiro aya pamwe chete anosundira kugadziriswa kwePV muSaudi kuenda kubudiriro yakangwara uye inoshanda, zvichipa vimbiso yehunyanzvi yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa pasi pe "Vision 2030."
Zvinhu zveUnyanzvi uye Kuumbwa kweSisitimu yeMarobhoti Ekuchenesa ePV
Marobhoti ekuchenesa akangwara ePV, semhinduro dzetekinoroji dzenzvimbo dzerenje reSaudi, anobatanidza hunyanzvi muinjiniya yemakanika, sainzi yezvinhu, uye matekinoroji eIoT. Zvichienzaniswa nenzira dzechinyakare dzekuchenesa, masisitimu emazuva ano erobhoti anoratidza zvakanakira hunyanzvi, nemagadzirirwo makuru anotenderera pazvinangwa zvina: kubvisa guruva zvakanaka, kuchengetedza mvura, kudzora zvine hungwaru, uye kuvimbika. Pasi pemamiriro ekunze erenje akaipisisa muSaudi Arabia, zvinhu izvi zvinonyanya kukosha, zvichikanganisa zvakananga mari yekugadzirisa kwenguva refu uye mari yekugadzira magetsi.
Kubva pamaonero emakanika, marobhoti ekuchenesa emusika weSaudi anonyanya kuwira muzvikamu zviviri: anosungirirwa panjanji uye anozvifambisa ega. Marobhoti anosungirirwa panjanji anowanzo sungirirwa pakutsigira maPV array, zvichiita kuti afukidzwe nepamusoro pevhu kuburikidza nemarails kana ma cable systems—akanakira zvirimwa zvikuru zvinosungirirwa pasi. Marobhoti anozvifambisa ega anopa kufamba kwakakura, kwakakodzera maPV epamusoro akapararira kana nzvimbo yakaoma. Kune ma bifacial modules uye ma tracking systems anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muSaudi Arabia, vagadziri vanotungamira vakaita seRenoglean vakagadzira marobhoti ane "bridge technology" yakasiyana iyo inobvumira kushandira pamwe pakati pema cleaning systems nema tracking mechanisms, zvichiita kuti kucheneswa kushande kunyangwe ma arrays achigadzirisa ma angles.
Zvikamu zvikuru zvemichina yekuchenesa zvinosanganisira mabhurashi anotenderera, zvishandiso zvekubvisa guruva, masisitimu ekutyaira, uye mayuniti ekudzora. Zvinodiwa pamusika weSaudi zvakakurudzira kuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi muzvikamu izvi: mabhurashi emhando yepamusoro-soro uye carbon-fiber composite bristles anobvisa guruva remunyu rinonamira pasina kukwenya pamusoro pema module; mabheringi anozvizora ega uye mota dzakavharirwa dzinovimbisa kuvimbika kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzine jecha; mabhurashi emhepo ane simba rakawanda anobatanidza tsvina yakaoma uku achideredza kushandiswa kwemvura. Modhi yePR200 yaRenoglean ine sisitimu yemabhurashi "inozvichenesa" inobvisa guruva rakaungana otomatiki panguva yekushanda, ichichengetedza kushanda kwekuchenesa nguva dzose.
- Kubvisa Guruva Zvinobudirira: Kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchenesa >99.5%, kumhanya kwekushanda kwemamita 15–20 paminiti
- Kudzora Kwakangwara: Kunotsigira kutarisa kweIoT kure, mafambiro ekuchenesa anorongwa uye nzira
- Kugadziriswa Kwenzvimbo: Tembiricha yekushanda -30°C kusvika 70°C, chiyero chekudzivirira IP68
- Dhizaini Inochengetedza Mvura: Kuchenesa mvura yakaoma, kushandisa mvura shoma, uchishandisa mvura isingasviki 10% yekuchenesa nemaoko
- Kuenderana Kwazvo: Inoenderana nemamodule emono/bifacial, matracker e single-axis, uye masisitimu akasiyana-siyana ekumisikidza
Masisitimu ekutyaira nemagetsi anopa mashandiro akavimbika. Zuva rakawanda muSaudi Arabia rinopa mamiriro akanaka ekugadzira marobhoti ekuchenesa anoshandiswa nesimba rezuva. Mazhinji emamodheru anoshandisa masisitimu emagetsi maviri anosanganisa mapaneru ePV anoshanda nesimba nemabhatiri e lithium, zvichiita kuti ashande mumazuva ane makore. Zvakakosha kuti, kuti vagadzirise kupisa kwakanyanya kwezhizha, vagadziri vanotungamira vakagadzira masisitimu akasiyana ekutonga kupisa kwemabhatiri vachishandisa zvinhu zvinochinja-chinja uye kutonhora kunoshanda kuchengetedza tembiricha dzekushanda dzakachengeteka, zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri zvakanyanya. Kune mamodheru ekutyaira, mamodheru eDC asina brushless (BLDC) anofarirwa nekuda kwekushanda kwawo kwakanyanya uye kusagadzirisa kwakaderera, achishanda nemachina ekuderedza kusimba kuti ape simba rakakwana munzvimbo ine jecha.
Masisitimu ekudzora akangwara anoshanda se "pfungwa" dzerobhoti uye anomiririra musiyano wakasiyana kwazvo wetekinoroji. Marobhoti emazuva ano ekuchenesa anowanzo kuve nemasensa akawanda ezvakatipoteredza anotarisa kuunganidzwa kweguruva, mamiriro ekunze, uye tembiricha yemodule munguva chaiyo. Maalgorithms eAI anogadzirisa nzira dzekuchenesa zvichibva pane iyi data, achichinja kubva pane yakarongwa kuenda kune yekuchenesa panodiwa. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kuchenesa pamberi pedutu rejecha ukuwo achiwedzera nguva mushure mekunaya kwemvura. "Cloud Communication Control System" yaRenoglean inotsigirawo kubatana kwemarobhoti akawanda ezvirimwa, kudzivirira kukanganisa kusingakoshi kwekugadzira magetsi kubva mumabasa ekuchenesa. Aya maficha akangwara anogonesa marobhoti ekuchenesa kuchengetedza mashandiro akanaka pasinei nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana eSaudi Arabia.
Magadzirirwo enetwork ekutaurirana uye manejimendi edata akagadziriswawo kuti aenderane nemamiriro ezvinhu eSaudi. Zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzakawanda dzerenje dziri kure dzemaPV plants dzine zvivakwa zvisina kunaka, masisitimu ekuchenesa marobhoti anoshandisa network yehybrid: ipfupi kuburikidza neLoRa kana Zigbee mesh, irefu kuburikidza ne4G/satellite. Kuti data rive rakachengeteka, masisitimu anotsigira nzvimbo yekuchengetera data yakavharidzirwa uye cloud backup, zvichitevedzera mitemo yeSaudi Arabia iri kuramba ichioma. Vashandi vanogona kutarisa marobhoti ese munguva chaiyo kuburikidza nemaapps enharembozha kana mapuratifomu ewebhu, kugamuchira nyevero dzezvikanganiso, uye kugadzirisa maparameter ari kure - zvichivandudza zvikuru mashandiro emanejimendi.
Kuti marobhoti ekuchenesa agare kwenguva refu, akagadzirwa zvakanaka kubva pakusarudzwa kwezvinhu kusvika pakugadzirisa pamusoro penzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, dzine hunyoro hwakawanda, uye dzine munyu wakawanda muSaudi Arabia. Mafuremu ealuminium alloy anogadziriswa, zvinobatanidza zvakakosha zvinoshandisa simbi isina ngura kudzivirira ngura yemunyu wegungwa reRed Sea; zvese zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemaindasitiri nekuvhara zvakanaka kubva pakupindwa nejecha; nzira dzerabha dzakagadzirwa zvakananga kana matai anochengetedza kusimba mukupisa kwakanyanya, zvichidzivirira kukwegura kwezvinhu kubva pakuchinja-chinja kwekupisa kwegwenga. Magadzirirwo aya anobvumira marobhoti ekuchenesa kuwana nguva yepakati pakati pekukundikana (MTBF) inodarika maawa zviuru gumi mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma eSaudi, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mari yekugadzirisa hupenyu.
Kubudirira kwekushandiswa kwemarobhoti ekuchenesa ePV muSaudi Arabia kunoenderanawo nemasisitimu ebasa ari munharaunda. Vagadziri vakuru vakaita seRenoglean vakagadzira nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu zvekuchengetedza uye nzvimbo dzekudzidzisa tekinoroji muSaudi Arabia, vachigadzira mapoka ekugadzirisa emunharaunda kuti apindure nekukurumidza. Kuti zvienderane netsika dzeSaudi, ma interfaces nemagwaro zviripo muArabic, nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa hwakagadzirirwa mazororo echiIslam. Hurongwa uhwu hwakadzama hwenzvimbo hahungowedzere kugutsikana kwevatengi chete asiwo hunoisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera matekinoroji ekuchenesa ehunyanzvi eChina mumisika yeMiddle East.
Nekufambira mberi muAI neIoT, marobhoti ekuchenesa ePV ari kuchinja kubva pakushandisa zviri nyore kuchenesa kuita ma node akangwara eO&M. Zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvino zvinobatanidza michina yekuongorora senge makamera ekupisa uye ma IV curve scanners, zvichiita ongororo yehutano hwezvikamu panguva yekuchenesa; ma algorithms ekudzidza kwemuchina anoongorora data rekuchenesa kwenguva refu kuti afanotaura maitiro ekuunganidza guruva uye kudzikira kwekushanda kwemamodule. Mabasa aya akawedzerwa anosimudzira basa remarobhoti ekuchenesa muzvivakwa zveSaudi PV, zvichivashandura zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kunzvimbo dzemitengo kuita vagadziri vezvinhu zvinopa purofiti yekuwedzera kune vanoisa mari muzvirimwa.
Chikwama Chekuchenesa Chakangwara paRed Sea Coastal PV Plant
Chirongwa che400 MW Red Sea PV Project, senzvimbo yekutanga yezuva yakakura muSaudi Arabia, chakatarisana nematambudziko emunyu wakawanda uye hunyoro hwakawanda munharaunda iyi, chikava chiratidzo chakakosha chetekinoroji yekuchenesa yekuchenjera yekuChina muSaudi Arabia. Yakagadzirwa neACWA Power, chirongwa ichi chikamu chakakosha chezvirongwa zvesimba rinogona kudzokororwa reSaudi "Vision 2030". Nzvimbo yacho ine mamiriro ekunze akasiyana zvikuru: avhareji yekupisa kwegore negore inodarika 30°C, hunyoro hunogara huchipfuura 60%, uye mhepo ine munyu yakawanda inogadzira nyore nyore maganda akaomarara eguruva remunyu pamapanera ePV - mamiriro ezvinhu apo nzira dzechinyakare dzekuchenesa dzinoratidza kusashanda uye dzinodhura.
Vachigadzirisa matambudziko aya, purojekiti iyi yakazopedzisira yatora nzira yekuchenesa yakagadzirwa naRenoglean yakavakirwa pamarobhoti ekuchenesa ePR-series PV, ichisanganisira hunyanzvi hwakawanda hwetekinoroji hwakanyanya kunyanya kunzvimbo dzine munyu wakawanda: mafuremu etitanium anodzivirira ngura uye mabheringi akavharwa anodzivirira kukuvara kwemunyu kuzvinhu zvakakosha; machira ebhurashi akagadzirwa zvakanaka anodzivirira kunyungudika kwemunyu uye kusvibiswa kwechipiri panguva yekuchenesa; masisitimu ekudzora akawedzera masensa ehunyoro kuti agadzirise otomatiki kusimba kwekuchenesa pasi pehunyoro hwakawanda kuti zvive nemigumisiro yakanaka. Zvakakosha kuti marobhoti ekuchenesa epurojekiti iyi akagamuchira chitupa chepamusoro-soro chePV muindasitiri yepasi rose, chinomiririra nzira yekuchenesa yepamusoro-soro yeMiddle East panguva iyoyo.
Kuiswa kwesystem yekuchenesa yepurojekiti yeRed Sea kwakaratidza kugona kweinjiniya kwakanaka. Nheyo dzakapfava dzemahombekombe dzakakonzera kusagadzikana kwenzvimbo dzakasungirirwa, zvichikonzera kutsauka kwenzvimbo dzechitima kusvika ±15 cm. Chikwata chehunyanzvi chaRenoglean chakagadzira masisitimu ekugadzirisa anochinjika achibvumira marobhoti ekuchenesa kushanda zvakanaka muhurefu uhwu, zvichiita kuti kufukidzwa kwekuchenesa kusakanganiswa nenzvimbo. Sisitimu iyi yakashandisawo magadzirirwo emodular, neyuniti imwe chete yemarobhoti inofukidza zvikamu zvemamita zana—yuniti dzinogona kushanda dzakazvimiririra kana kurongana kuburikidza nekutonga kwepakati kuti zvirimwa zvese zvishande zvakanaka. Iyi dhizaini inochinjika yakabatsira zvikuru kukura mune ramangwana, zvichibvumira kugona kwesystem yekuchenesa kukura pamwe chete nekukwanisa kwezvirimwa.
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Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-04-2025