Senyika inokosha muCentral Asia, Kazakhstan ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvemvura uye mukana mukuru wekuvandudza kurima kwemvura. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yepasi rose yekurima hove uye shanduko kuenda kune masisitimu akangwara, matekinoroji ekutarisa hunhu hwemvura ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya muchikamu chekurima hove munyika. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora zvakarongeka nyaya dzekushandiswa kwemasensa emagetsi (EC) muindasitiri yekurima hove muKazakhstan, kuongorora misimboti yavo yehunyanzvi, mhedzisiro inoshanda, uye mafambiro ekuvandudza mune ramangwana. Nekuongorora zviitiko zvakajairika zvakaita sekurima sturgeon muGungwa reCaspian, nzvimbo dzekuberekesa hove muLake Balkhash, uye kudzoreredza masisitimu ekurima hove mudunhu reAlmaty, bepa iri rinoratidza kuti masensa eEC anobatsira sei varimi vemunharaunda kugadzirisa matambudziko ekutarisira hunhu hwemvura, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekurima, uye kuderedza njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza. Pamusoro pezvo, chinyorwa ichi chinokurukura matambudziko anosangana neKazakhstan mukushandura kwehungwaru hwekurima hove uye mhinduro dzinogona kuitika, ichipa mareferensi akakosha ekuvandudza kurima hove mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakafanana.
Pfupiso yezvinodiwa zveindasitiri yekurima gungwa muKazakhstan uye kutarisisa hunhu hwemvura
Senyika yakakura kwazvo pasi rose isina imwe nyika, Kazakhstan ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvemvura, kusanganisira matsime makuru emvura akadai seCaspian Sea, Lake Balkhash, neLake Zaysan, pamwe nenzizi dzakawanda, zvichipa mamiriro ekunze akasiyana ekusimudzira kurima hove. Bhizinesi rekurima hove munyika iyi rakaratidza kukura kwakasimba mumakore achangopfuura, nemarudzi ekutanga ekurima anosanganisira carp, sturgeon, rainbow trout, uye Siberian sturgeon. Kurima hove dzeSturgeon munharaunda yeCaspian, kunyanya, kwakakwezva kutariswa kukuru nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo kwehove dzeCaviar. Zvisinei, indasitiri yekurima hove yeKazakhstan inosanganawo nematambudziko akawanda, akadai sekuchinja kukuru kwemhando yemvura, matekiniki ekurima ari kumashure, uye mhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, zvese izvi zvinodzivisa kukura kweindasitiri.
Munzvimbo dzekuchengetwa kwemvura muKazakhstan, kufambiswa kwemagetsi (EC), sechikamu chakakosha chemhando yemvura, kune kukosha kwakakosha kwekutarisa. EC inoratidza huwandu hwese hwemaion emunyu akanyungudutswa mumvura, zvichikanganisa zvakananga osmoregulation uye mashandiro emuviri wezvisikwa zvemumvura. Hunhu hweEC hunosiyana zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemvura muKazakhstan: Gungwa reCaspian, sedziva remvura ine munyu, rine hunhu hweEC hwakakwira (inenge 13,000–15,000 μS/cm); Dunhu rekumadokero reLake Balkhash, sezvo riri mvura yakachena, rine hunhu hweEC hwakaderera (inenge 300–500 μS/cm), nepo dunhu rayo rekumabvazuva, risina pokubuda napo, riine munyu wakakwira (inenge 5,000–6,000 μS/cm). Madhamu eAlpine akadai seLake Zaysan anoratidza hunhu hweEC hwakasiyana-siyana. Mamiriro aya akaomarara emhando yemvura anoita kuti kutarisa kweEC kuve chinhu chakakosha pakubudirira kwekurima hove muKazakhstan.
Pachivanhu, varimi vekuKazakh vaivimba neruzivo kuti vaongorore hunhu hwemvura, vachishandisa nzira dzemunhu pachake dzakadai sekutarisa ruvara rwemvura uye maitiro ehove kuti vatarisire. Maitiro aya haana kungoshaya simba resainzi chete asiwo akaita kuti zviome kuona matambudziko ehunhu hwemvura nekukasika, zvichikonzera kufa kwehove dzakawanda uye kurasikirwa nehupfumi. Sezvo zviyero zvekurima zvichiwedzera uye huwandu hwemvura huchiwedzera, kudiwa kwekutarisa hunhu hwemvura kwave kuri kukurumidzirwa. Kuunzwa kwetekinoroji yeEC sensor kwakapa indasitiri yezvekurima hove muKazakhstan mhinduro yakavimbika, inoshanda panguva chaiyo, uye inodhura zvishoma.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo eKazakhstan, kutarisa kweEC kune zvakawanda zvakakosha. Chekutanga, kukosha kweEC kunoratidza zvakananga shanduko yemunyu mumvura, izvo zvakakosha pakutarisira hove dze euryhaline (semuenzaniso, sturgeon) ne stenohaline (semuenzaniso, rainbow trout). Chechipiri, kuwedzera kweEC kusingawanzoitiki kunogona kuratidza kusvibiswa kwemvura, senge kuburitswa kwemvura yakasviba mumaindasitiri kana mvura inoyerera inotakura munyu nezvicherwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kukosha kweEC kunoenderana zvisina kunaka nehuwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudutswa - mvura yeEC yakakwira inowanzova neoxygen yakanyungudutswa yakaderera, zvichikonzera njodzi kuhupenyu hwehove. Naizvozvo, kutarisa kweEC nguva dzose kunobatsira varimi kugadzirisa nzira dzekutarisira nekukurumidza kudzivirira kushushikana nekufa kwehove.
Hurumende yeKazakhstan ichangobva kuona kukosha kwekutarisa hunhu hwemvura kuti pave nebudiriro yekurima hove. Muzvirongwa zvayo zvekusimudzira kurima munyika, hurumende yakatanga kukurudzira mabhizinesi ekurima kuti ashandise michina yekutarisa ine hungwaru uye inopa rubatsiro rushoma. Zvichakadaro, masangano epasi rose nemakambani epasi rose ari kusimudzira matekinoroji ekurima epamusoro nemidziyo muKazakhstan, zvichiwedzera kukurumidzisa kushandiswa kwemasensa eEC nedzimwe tekinoroji dzekutarisa hunhu hwemvura munyika. Rutsigiro urwu rwemitemo uye kuunzwa kwetekinoroji zvakagadzira mamiriro akanaka ekuvandudza indasitiri yekurima hove muKazakhstan.
Nheyo dzeUnyanzvi uye Zvikamu zveSisitimu yeMasensa eUnhu hweMvura yeEC
Masensa emagetsi anofambisa mvura (EC) ndiwo ma sensa akakosha emazuva ano ekutarisa hunhu hwemvura, achishanda zvichibva pakuyera kwakarurama kwesimba remagetsi rinofambisa mvura. Mukushandiswa kwekurima mvura muKazakhstan, masensa eEC anoongorora huwandu hwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa (TDS) uye huwandu hwemunyu nekuona hunhu hwemagetsi huri mumvura, zvichipa rutsigiro rwedata rwakakosha pakutarisira kurima. Kubva pamaonero ehunyanzvi, masensa eEC anonyanya kuvimba nenheyo dzemagetsi: kana maerekitironi maviri akanyudzwa mumvura uye voltage inochinjana ikashandiswa, maerekitironi akanyungudutswa anofamba akananga kunogadzira magetsi, uye sensa inoverenga kukosha kweEC nekuyera simba iri remagetsi. Kuti vadzivise zvikanganiso zvekuyera zvinokonzerwa ne electrode polarization, masensa emazuva ano eEC anowanzo shandisa masosi eAC ekukurudzira uye matekiniki ekuyera ane frequency yakakwira kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti data rakarurama uye rakagadzikana.
Panyaya yemagadzirirwo e sensor, masensa e EC ekurima mumvura anowanzo kuve nechinhu chinonzwa uye module yekugadzirisa masaini. Chinhu chinonzwa chinowanzogadzirwa nema electrodes e titanium kana platinum anodzivirira ngura, anokwanisa kutsungirira makemikari akasiyana-siyana mumvura yekurima kwenguva yakareba. Module yekugadzirisa masaini inowedzera, inosefa, uye inoshandura masaini emagetsi asina simba kuita ma output akajairwa. Masensa e EC anowanzoshandiswa mumapurazi eKazakh anowanzo tora dhizaini yema electrode mana, uko ma electrodes maviri anoshandisa constant current uye mamwe maviri anoyera musiyano we voltage. Dhizaini iyi inobvisa zvinobudirira kukanganiswa kubva pakupatsanurana kwema electrode uye kugona kwe interfacial, zvichivandudza zvikuru kurongeka kwekuyera, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekurima dzine munyu wakakura.
Kubhadhara tembiricha chinhu chakakosha pakushandisa masensa eEC, sezvo kukosha kweEC kuchikanganiswa zvakanyanya nekupisa kwemvura. Masensa emazuva ano eEC anowanzo kuve nema probes ekupisa akavakirwa mukati anonyatsoita kuti zviyero zviyerwe zvakaenzana patembiricha yakajairwa (kazhinji 25°C) kuburikidza nemaalgorithms, zvichiita kuti data rienzaniswe. Tichifunga nezvenzvimbo yeKazakhstan iri mukati menyika, kusiyana kukuru kwekupisa kwezuva nezuva, uye kuchinja kwakanyanya kwekupisa kwemwaka, basa iri rekubhadhara tembiricha otomatiki rakakosha zvikuru. MaIndustrial EC transmitters kubva kuvagadziri vakaita saShandong Renke anopawo shanduko yekuchinja tembiricha nemaoko uye otomatiki, zvichibvumira kugadziriswa kuchinjika kune mamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekurima muKazakhstan.
Kubva pakuona kwekubatanidzwa kwesystem, masensa eEC mumapurazi eKazakh aquaculture anowanzo shanda sechikamu chesystem yekutarisa hunhu hwemvura ine maparameter akawanda. Kunze kweEC, masisitimu akadaro anobatanidza mabasa ekutarisa maparameter akakosha ehunhu hwemvura senge dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), turbidity, uye ammonia nitrogen. Data kubva kumasensa akasiyana-siyana anotumirwa kuburikidza neCAN bus kana wireless communication technology (semuenzaniso, TurMass, GSM) kuenda kucentral controller uye obva aiswa pa cloud platform kuti aongororwe uye achengetwe. Mhinduro dzeIoT kubva kumakambani akaita seWeihai Jinxun Changtong dzinoita kuti varimi vakwanise kuona data rehunhu hwemvura munguva chaiyo kuburikidza nemaapplication emafoni uye kugamuchira nyevero dzemaparameter asina kujairika, zvichivandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro ekutarisira.
Tafura: Magadzirirwo Akajairika Ehunyanzvi eSensors dzeKurima Kwemvura yeEC
| Chikamu cheParamende | Magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi | Zvaunofanira Kufunga Nezvekushandisa muKazakhstan |
|---|---|---|
| Kuyera Range | 0–20,000 μS/cm | Inofanira kufukidza mvura yakachena kusvika kumvura ine munyu |
| Kururama | ±1% FS | Zvinogutsa zvinodiwa pakutarisira kurima |
| Nzvimbo yekupisa | 0–60°C | Inoenderana nemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa emakondinendi |
| Kuongororwa kweDziviriro | IP68 | Mvura isingapindi mvura uye inodzivirira guruva kushandiswa panze |
| Kutaurirana | RS485/4-20mA/isina waya | Inobatsira kubatanidzwa kwemasisitimu uye kutumira data |
| Zvinhu zveElectrode | Titanium/platinum | Inodzivirira ngura kwenguva yakareba |
Mukushandiswa kweKazakhstan, nzira dzekuisa masensa eEC dzakasiyanawo. Kune mapurazi makuru ekunze, masensa anowanzoiswa nenzira dzinoshandiswa pakugadzira mvura (buoy-based) kana kuti dzakagadzika kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo dzekuyera dzinoyera mvura dzinoenderana. Mumafekitori anotendererazve aquaculture systems (RAS), kuisa mapaipi kwakajairika, zvichitarisa zvakananga shanduko dzemhando yemvura isati yagadzirwa uye mushure mekurapwa. Mafekitori eEC eindasitiri epamhepo anobva kuGandon Technology anopawo sarudzo dzekuisa mvura ichiyerera, dzakakodzera kurima munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda vanoda kugara vachitarisa mvura. Tichifunga nezvekutonhora kwakanyanya kwechando mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeKazakh, masensa eEC emhando yepamusoro ane magadzirirwo anodzivirira kutonhora kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anoshanda zvakanaka mukupisa kwakaderera.
Kugadziriswa kwemasensa kwakakosha pakuona kuti kutarisa kwenguva refu kwakavimbika. Dambudziko rinowanzo sangana nemapurazi eKazakhstan ndeyekusvibisa zvinhu zvipenyu—kukura kwealgae, mabhakitiriya, nezvimwe zvipembenene panzvimbo dzemasensa, izvo zvinokanganisa kunyatsoongorora. Kuti vagadzirise izvi, masensa emazuva ano eEC anoshandisa magadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana matsva, akadai seShandong Renke's self-cleaning systems uye fluorescence-based measurement technologies, zvichideredza zvakanyanya magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa. Kune masensa asina mabasa ekuzvichenesa, "zvigadziriso zvekuzvichenesa" zvine mabhurashi emakanika kana kuchenesa kwe ultrasonic zvinogona kuchenesa nzvimbo dze electrode nguva nenguva. Kufambira mberi uku kwetekinoroji kunogonesa masensa eEC kushanda zvakadzikama kunyangwe munzvimbo dziri kure dzeKazakhstan, zvichideredza kupindira nemaoko.
Nekufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hweIoT neAI, masensa eEC ari kuchinja kubva pakushandisa zviyereso zvekuongorora kuita ma node ekusarudza akangwara. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ieKoral, sisitimu yakagadzirwa neHaobo International, iyo isingangotarise chete parameters yemhando yemvura asiwo inoshandisa maalgorithms ekudzidza kwemuchina kufanotaura mafambiro uye kugadzirisa otomatiki michina kuchengetedza mamiriro ekurima akanakisa. Kuchinja uku kwakangwara kwakakosha zvikuru mukusimudzira indasitiri yekurima kwemvura muKazakhstan, zvichibatsira varimi vemunharaunda kukunda misiyano yeruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira uye mhando yezvigadzirwa.
Nyaya Yekukumbira Kuongororwa kweEC paPurazi reCaspian Sea Sturgeon
Dunhu reCaspian Sea, rimwe rematangi akakosha ekuchengetwa kwehove muKazakhstan, rinozivikanwa nekurima kwayo sturgeon yepamusoro uye kugadzira caviar. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura, kuwedzera kwekushanduka kwemunyu muGungwa reCaspian, pamwe nekusvibiswa kwemaindasitiri, kwakakonzera matambudziko makuru pakurima sturgeon. Purazi guru resturgeon riri pedyo neAktau rakatanga kuunzwa kweEC sensor system, richibudirira kugadzirisa shanduko idzi dzezvakatipoteredza kuburikidza nekutarisa panguva chaiyo uye kugadzirisa kwakarurama, zvikava muenzaniso wekurima hove dzemazuva ano muKazakhstan.
Purazi iri rine nzvimbo inosvika mahekita makumi mashanu, richishandisa nzira yekurima yakavharwa zvishoma kunyanya yemhando dzemhando dzemhando dzemhando dzemhando yepamusoro dzakadai seRussian sturgeon nestellate sturgeon. Vasati vatanga kuongorora EC, purazi iri raivimba zvakanyanya nekushandisa sampling nemaoko uye kuongorora murabhoritari, zvichikonzera kunonoka kukuru kwedata uye kusakwanisa kupindura nekukurumidza kushanduko dzemhando yemvura. Muna 2019, purazi iri rakabatana neHaobo International kuisa sisitimu yekutarisa mhando yemvura yakangwara yakavakirwa paIoT, ine masensa eEC sezvikamu zvikuru zvakaiswa munzvimbo dzakakosha dzakadai senzvimbo dzemvura, madziva ekurima, uye nzvimbo dzekubuditsa mvura. Sisitimu iyi inoshandisa TurMass wireless transmission kutumira data renguva chaiyo kukamuri yekudzora yepakati uye maapplication enharembozha evarimi, zvichiita kuti vatarise maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pasvondo.
Sehove ye euryhaline, Caspian sturgeon inogona kuchinjika kune akasiyana siyana emunyu, asi nzvimbo yayo yekukura yakanaka inoda EC values iri pakati pe12,000–14,000 μS/cm. Kutsauka kubva pahuwandu uhwu kunokonzera kushushikana kwemuviri, zvichikanganisa mwero wekukura uye mhando ye caviar. Kuburikidza neEC monitoring inoramba ichiitwa, mainjiniya epurazi akawana kuchinja-chinja kwakakosha kwemwaka mumunyu wemvura inopinzwa: panguva yekunyunguduka kwechando kwechirimo, kuwedzera kwemvura yakachena kubva kuRwizi rweVolga nedzimwe nzizi kwakaderedza EC values dzemahombekombe kusvika pasi pe10,000 μS/cm, nepo kupwa kwemvura kwakanyanya kwechirimo kwaigona kukwidza EC values pamusoro pe16,000 μS/cm. Kuchinja-chinja uku kwaiwanzoregeredzwa kare, zvichikonzera kukura kusina kuenzana kwe sturgeon.
Tafura: Kuenzanisa kweMhedzisiro yeKushandiswa kweEC Monitoring paCaspian Sturgeon Farm
| Chiyero | Masensa ePre-EC (2018) | Masensa ePost-EC (2022) | Kuvandudzwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Avhareji Yekukura kweSturgeon (g/zuva) | 3.2 | 4.1 | + 28% |
| Kubereka kweCaviar yemhando yepamusoro | 65% | 82% | +17 muzana mapoinzi |
| Kufa Kunokonzerwa Nematambudziko Ehunhu Hwemvura | 12% | 4% | -8 muzana mapoinzi |
| Chiyero cheKuchinja kweChikafu | 1.8:1 | 1.5:1 | Kubudirira kwe17% |
| Kuedzwa Kwemvura Nemaoko Pamwedzi | 60 | 15 | -75% |
Zvichibva padata reEC renguva chaiyo, purazi rakaita matanho akati wandei ekugadzirisa nemazvo. Pakadonha huwandu hweEC pasi pehuwandu hwakakodzera, sisitimu iyi yaingodzikisa kupinda kwemvura yakachena uye yaibvumira kutenderera kwemvura kuti iwedzere nguva yekuchengetedza mvura. Pakaiswa huwandu hweEC hwakanyanya, yakawedzera kuwedzerwa kwemvura yakachena uye yakawedzera mhepo. Kugadziriswa uku, kwakavakirwa pakuongorora kwekuongorora, ikozvino kwave nerutsigiro rwesainzi, zvichivandudza nguva uye hukuru hwekugadzirisa. Sekureva kwemishumo yepurazi, mushure mekushandisa EC monitoring, mwero wekukura kwesturgeon wakawedzera ne28%, goho repamusoro re caviar rakawedzera kubva pa65% kusvika pa82%, uye kufa nekuda kwematambudziko emhando yemvura kwakadzikira kubva pa12% kusvika pa4%.
Kuongororwa kweEC kwakaitawo basa guru mukunyevera kusvibiswa kwemvura nekukurumidza. Muzhizha ra2021, masensa eEC akaona kukwira kusingawanzoitika muEC yedziva kupfuura kuchinja kwakajairika. Sisitimu yacho yakabva yaburitsa yambiro, uye mainjiniya vakakurumidza kuona kudonha kwemvura yakasviba kubva kufekitori iri pedyo. Nekuda kwekuona nguva nenguva, purazi rakabvisa dziva rakakanganisika ndokutanga kushandisa masisitimu ekuchenesa ekukurumidza, zvichidzivirira kurasikirwa kukuru. Mushure mechiitiko ichi, masangano ezvakatipoteredza emunharaunda akabatana nepurazi kuti vagadzire network yekunyevera yemhando yemvura yedunhu yakavakirwa paEC yekutarisa, ichifukidza nzvimbo dzakakura dzemahombekombe.
Panyaya yekushanda nesimba zvakanaka, sisitimu yekutarisa yeEC yakapa mabhenefiti makuru. Pachivanhu, purazi raichinjana mvura zvakanyanya senzira yekudzivirira, richipedza simba rakawanda. Nekutarisa kwakanyatsojeka kweEC, mainjiniya vakagadzirisa nzira dzekutsinhana mvura, vachiita shanduko chete kana zvichidikanwa. Data rakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwesimba repombi yepurazi kwakaderera ne35%, zvichichengetedza mari inosvika $25,000 pagore mumagetsi. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwemamiriro emvura akagadzikana, kushandiswa kwechikafu chesturgeon kwakavandudzika, zvichideredza mitengo yechikafu neinenge 15%.
Chidzidzo ichi chakasanganawo nematambudziko ehunyanzvi. Nzvimbo ine munyu wakawanda muGungwa reCaspian yaida kugara kwenguva refu kwemasensa, nemasensa ekutanga akaora mukati memwedzi yakati wandei. Mushure mekuvandudzwa kwekushandiswa kwemasensa emhando yepamusoro etitanium alloy uye dzimba dzekudzivirira dzakasimbiswa, hupenyu hwese hwakawedzerwa kusvika kumakore anopfuura matatu. Rimwe dambudziko raive rechando munguva yechando, izvo zvakakanganisa mashandiro emasensa. Mhinduro yacho yaisanganisira kuisa maheater madiki uye mabuoy anodzivirira chando panzvimbo dzakakosha dzekutarisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda gore rese.
Iyi application yeEC monitoring inoratidza kuti tekinoroji itsva inogona kushandura sei nzira dzekurima dzechinyakare. Maneja wepurazi akati, "Taimboshanda murima, asi neruzivo rweEC rwenguva chaiyo, zvakaita sekuva ne'maziso ari pasi pemvura'—tinogona kunyatsonzwisisa nekudzora nharaunda yesturgeon." Kubudirira kwenyaya iyi kwakakwezva kutariswa kubva kune mamwe mabhizinesi ekurima eKazakhstan, zvichikurudzira kushandiswa kwemasensa eEC munyika yese. Muna 2023, Ministry of Agriculture yeKazakhstan yakatogadzira mitemo yeindasitiri yekutarisa hunhu hwemvura yemumvura zvichibva pane iyi nyaya, ichida kuti mapurazi epakati nepakati neakuru aise michina yekutanga yeEC monitoring.
Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Munyu Panzvimbo Yekucheka Hove muLake Balkhash
Lake Balkhash, nzvimbo ine mvura yakawanda iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweKazakhstan, inopa nzvimbo yakanaka yekuberekesa hove dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutengesa nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yakasiyana yebrackish. Zvisinei, chinhu chinoshamisa chedhamu iri musiyano mukuru wemunyu uripo pakati pekumabvazuva nekumadokero—nzvimbo yekumadokero, inodyirwa neRwizi rweIli nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemvura yakachena, ine munyu mushoma (EC ≈ 300–500 μS/cm), nepo nzvimbo yekumabvazuva, isina pokubudisira, ichiunganidza munyu (EC ≈ 5,000–6,000 μS/cm). Kuwanda kwemunyu uku kunokonzera matambudziko akakosha kumahove, zvichiita kuti mabhizinesi ekurima emuno aongorore mashandisirwo matsva etekinoroji yeEC sensor.
Nzvimbo yekuberekesa hove ye "Aksu", iri pamhenderekedzo yekumadokero yeLake Balkhash, ndiyo nzvimbo huru yekugadzira hove dze "fry" munharaunda iyi, ichinyanya kubereka mhando dzehove dzemvura yakachena dzakadai se carp, silver carp, uye bighead carp, ukuwo ichiyedzawo hove dzakasarudzika dzakajairwa ne "brackish". Nzira dzechinyakare dzekuberekesa hove dzakatarisana nehuwandu husina kugadzikana hwekuberekesa hove, kunyanya panguva yekunyunguduka kwechando muchirimo apo kuyerera kwerwizi rweIli kwakakonzera kuchinja kukuru kwemvura inopinzwa mu "inlet water" (200–800 μS/cm), zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kukura kwemazai nekurarama kwe "fry". Muna 2022, nzvimbo yekuberekesa hove yakaunza system ye automated salinity regulation system yakavakirwa pama "EC sensors", zvichishandura mamiriro ezvinhu aya zvakanyanya.
Nzvimbo huru yesystem iyi inoshandisa ma industrial EC transmitters eShandong Renke, ane huwandu hwakakura hwe 0–20,000 μS/cm uye ±1% high accuracy, kunyanya yakakodzera nzvimbo yemunyu inoshanduka muLake Balkhash. Network ye sensor inoiswa panzvimbo dzakakosha dzakadai se inlet channels, incubation tanks, uye reservoirs, ichitumira data kuburikidza ne CAN bus kuenda ku central controller yakabatana nemidziyo yekusanganisa mvura yakachena/dziva kuti igadzirise munyu panguva chaiyo. Sisitimu iyi inobatanidzawo tembiricha, oxygen yakanyungudutswa, uye mamwe ma parameter ekutarisa, ichipa rutsigiro rwakakwana rwedata rekutarisira hove.
Kufukidzwa kwemazai ehove kunonyanya kukanganiswa nekuchinja kwemunyu. Semuenzaniso, mazai ecarp anochekwa zviri nani mukati meEC range ye300–400 μS/cm, nekutsauka zvichikonzera kudzikira kwemazinga ekuchekwa uye mwero wepamusoro wekuchekwa. Kuburikidza neEC monitoring inoramba ichiitwa, mainjiniya vakaona kuti nzira dzechinyakare dzakabvumira kuchinja kweEC mutangi rekufukidzwa kupfuura zvaitarisirwa, kunyanya panguva yekuchinjana kwemvura, nekusiyana kusvika ku±150 μS/cm. Sisitimu itsva yakawana ±10 μS/cm kugadzirisa kwakarurama, ichikwidza avhareji yemazinga ekuchekwa kubva pa65% kusvika ku88% uye ichideredza deformities kubva pa12% kusvika pasi pe4%. Kuvandudzwa uku kwakasimudzira zvakanyanya kushanda kwekugadzirwa kwemafry uye kudzoka kwehupfumi.
Panguva yekurera hove dzechikafu, kutarisa kweEC kwakaratidza kukosha kwakafanana. Nzvimbo iyi inoshandisa nzira yekuchinja hunyoro zvishoma nezvishoma kugadzirira hove dzechikafu kuti dziburitswe munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeLake Balkhash. Vachishandisa network yeEC sensor, mainjiniya vanodzora kunyatsochinja kwehunyoro mumadziva ekurera, vachichinja kubva pamvura yakachena (EC ≈ 300 μS/cm) kuenda kumvura ine brackish (EC ≈ 3,000 μS/cm). Kujairana uku kwakanyatsoita kuti huwandu hwehupenyu hwehove dzechikafu hurambe huripo ne30–40%, kunyanya kune mapoka akagadzirirwa nzvimbo dzekumabvazuva dzedziva dzine munyu wakawanda.
Data reEC rekutarisa rakabatsirawo kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa zvemvura. Dunhu reLake Balkhash rinotarisana nekushomeka kwemvura kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, uye nzvimbo dzekare dzekuberekesa vana dzinoshandisa mvura yepasi pevhu zvakanyanya kuti dzigadzirise munyu, izvo zvaidhura uye zvisingagone kuenderera mberi. Nekuongorora data reEC sensor rekare, mainjiniya vakagadzira modhi yakanaka yekusanganisa mvura yepasi pevhu nedhamu, vachideredza kushandiswa kwemvura yepasi pevhu ne60% uku vachisangana nezvinodiwa zvenzvimbo dzekuberekesa vana, vachichengetedza mari inosvika $12,000 pagore. Iyi tsika yakasimudzirwa nemasangano ezvakatipoteredza emunharaunda semuenzaniso wekuchengetedza mvura.
Imwe nzira itsva yekushandisa muchiitiko ichi yaive yekubatanidza EC monitoring nedata remamiriro ekunze kuti vagadzire mamodheru ekufanotaura. Dunhu reLake Balkhash rinowanzo sangana nemvura yakawanda uye sinou inonyunguduka muchirimo, zvichikonzera kuyerera kwemvura kamwe kamwe muRwizi rweIli uko kunokanganisa munyu wemunopinza vana. Nekubatanidza data reEC sensor network nekufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze, sisitimu iyi inofanotaura shanduko dzeEC dzemunopinza vana maawa 24-48 pachine nguva, ichigadzirisa otomatiki mixing ratios kuti pave neproactive regulation. Basa iri rakaratidza kukosha panguva yemafashamo emwaka wechirimo wa2023, richichengetedza mwero wekupatsanurwa kwevana uri pamusoro pe85% nepo nzvimbo dzekare dzekupatsanurwa kwevana dziri pedyo dzakaderera pasi pe50%.
Chirongwa ichi chakasangana nematambudziko ekugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Mvura yeLake Balkhash ine huwandu hwakawanda hwecarbonate nesulfate, zvichiita kuti electrode scaling ikwanise kukanganisa kuyera zvakanaka. Mhinduro yacho yaive yekushandisa maelectrode anodzivirira kukura kwemvura ane michina yekuchenesa otomatiki achichenesa nemashini maawa gumi nemaviri ega ega. Pamusoro pezvo, plankton yakawanda mudhamu yainamatira panzvimbo dzinoona, zvichideredzwa nekuvandudza nzvimbo dzekuisa (kudzivirira nzvimbo dzine biomass yakawanda) uye kuwedzera UV sterilization.
Kubudirira kwenzvimbo yekuberekesa hove ye "Aksu" kunoratidza kuti tekinoroji yeEC sensor inogona sei kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuchengetwa kwehove munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzezvakatipoteredza. Mukuru wepurojekiti akataura kuti, "Hunhu hwemunyu muLake Balkhash hwaimbova dambudziko guru kwatiri, asi ikozvino hwave mukana wesainzi wekutarisira - nekudzora EC nemazvo, tinogadzira nzvimbo dzakanakira mhando dzakasiyana dzehove uye matanho ekukura." Nyaya iyi inopa ruzivo rwakakosha rwekurima hove mumadziva akafanana, kunyanya ayo ane munyu wakasiyana kana mwaka wakasiyana wemunyu.
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Kuti uwane mamwe masensa emhando yemvura ruzivo,
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Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-04-2025