Nzvimbo dzeMamiriro ekunze dzakabatana nedzePole: Zvinhu Zvikuru uye Gwaro Rekusarudza

Nzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze ine matanda inzvimbo yekutarisa mamiriro ekunze yechinyakare uye yakajairika, inozivikanwawo senzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze yetsika yakasiyana kana nzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze yakajairwa. Chinhu chikuru chayo ndechekuti masensa ane mabasa akasiyana anoiswa pakukwirira kwakasiyana pamatanda akamira kana anopfuura zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakutarisa.

Izvi zvinotevera ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zviri panzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze ine matanda, izvo zvakare zvakagadziridzwa kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana:
I. Hunhu hweChimiro chepakati uye Magadzirirwo
1. Sensor yakarongwa nenzira yakasiyana
Uyu ndiwo musiyano mukuru kubva kune nzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze dzakabatanidzwa. Sensor yega yega (anemometer, wind vane, sensor yekupisa nehunyoro, rain gauge, pressure sensor, nezvimwewo) iyuniti yakazvimiririra uye yakabatana nemuunganidzi mukuru wedata kuburikidza netambo.
Sensor iyi inoiswa pakakwirira chaipo padanda zvichienderana nepfungwa yayo yekuyera uye zvinokurudzirwa nemasangano akaita seWorld Meteorological Organization (WMO). Semuenzaniso:
Chinoongorora kumhanya kwemhepo uye gwara: Chinowanzoiswa panzvimbo yakakwirira (senge kukwirira kwemamita gumi) kudzivirira kukanganiswa nezvipingamupinyi zvepasi.
Chinoongorora tembiricha nehunyoro: Chinoiswa mubhokisi rakakomberedzwa riri 1.5 metres kana 2 metres pamusoro pevhu kudzivirira kukanganiswa nemwaranzi yezuva yakananga uye kuratidzwa kwepasi.
Chiyero chemvura: Isa pa 0.7 metres kana kukwirira kwakatarwa, uchiita kuti pokuvhura pave pakaenzana uye nzvimbo yakapoteredza yakavhurika.
Zvinoongorora tembiricha yevhu uye hunyoro: Zvinovigwa muvhu zvakatevedzana pakadzika kwakasiyana.

2. Chimiro chacho chakasimba uye hunyanzvi hwacho hwakakwira
Matanda anowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi dzakasimba dzakadai sesimbi isingatsvi nesimbi yakarungwa, uye ane hwaro hwakasimba (senge hwaro hwekongiri), hunogona kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze akaoma semadutu nechando chakawanda, zvichiita kuti agare kwenguva refu.
Dhizaini yemabhureki ndeyesainzi, inoderedza kukanganiswa kwekuyerwa kwemasensa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

3. Dhizaini yemodular
Sensor yega yega imodule yakazvimirira inogona kuenzaniswa, kuchengetedzwa kana kutsiviwa yega pasina kukanganisa mashandiro emamwe masensor. Dhizaini iyi iri nyore kwazvo kugadzirisa nekuvandudza gare gare.

Ii. Mabasa uye Hunhu hweMashandiro
1. Inotevedzera mitemo yepasi rose yekutarisa uye ine simba rakasimba redata
Marongerwo uye kukwirira kwezvishandiso zvemasensa ayo zvinotevedzera zvinodiwa nemasangano ane chiremera akadai seWMO. Nokudaro, data rakawanikwa rine kuenzanisa kwakanyanya uye simba, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yekutanga yekushanda kwemamiriro ekunze epasi rose, kutsvagisa kwesainzi, uye mashandisirwo emaindasitiri akanyatsojeka.

2. Kunyatsoyera zvakanaka
Nekuti masensa acho akasiyana, kupindirana kuripo pakati pawo kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, kukanganiswa kwemhepo nefuselage uye simba rekupisa kunogadzirwa nezvinhu zvemagetsi pakuyerwa kwetembiricha).
Kunyatsoongorora kwakasimba kunogona kuwanikwa nekushandisa sensor imwe chete ine mashandiro epamusoro uye hunyanzvi hwakakura.

3. Kugadziriswa kunochinjika uye kugona kukura kwakasimba
Vashandisi vanogona kusarudza mhando nehuwandu hwemasensa zvichienderana nezvavanoda. Semuenzaniso, zviri nyore kuwedzera masensa emwaranzi, ndiro dzinopisa, masensa e ultraviolet, nezvimwewo.
Kana zvinhu zvitsva zvekutarisa zvichidikanwa mune ramangwana, zvinongodiwa chete kuwedzera masensa anoenderana uye ma interfaces padanda, ayo ane mukana wekukwenenzverwa zvakanaka.

4. Kuwana ruzivo rwehunyanzvi uye sisitimu yekupa magetsi
Kazhinji ine bhokisi rehunyanzvi rekutora data, rakaiswa padanda kana pedyo naro, iro rinopa simba kumasensa ese, kuunganidzwa kwedata, kuchengetwa uye kutumirwa.
Sisitimu yemagetsi ine simba uye yakavimbika, inowanzoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzemagetsi emagetsi, simba rezuva nebhatiri, zvichiita kuti irambe ichishanda kwenguva yakareba kunyangwe pakunaya kwemvura.

III. Mashandisirwo, Mabhenefiti uye Hunhu
Inoshandiswa kune mamiriro ezvinhu akajairika uye enguva refu akagadziriswa
Nzvimbo dzepasi rose dzekuongorora mamiriro ekunze/nzvimbo dzekutarisa mamiriro ekunze: Simba guru rekushanda.
Tsvakurudzo yehunyanzvi: yakaita sekutsvaga ruzivo nezvezvakatipoteredza, kutarisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kutarisa kwemvura, kuongorora mamiriro ekunze ekurima nemazvo, nezvimwewo.
Rutsigiro rwemamiriro ekunze kumapurojekiti makuru einjiniya: akadai senhandare dzendege, zviteshi zvengarava, zviteshi zvemagetsi enyukireya, uye nzvimbo huru dzekuchengetedza mvura.
Maindasitiri anoda data rakanyoreswa, rakadai sekufanotaura simba remhepo uye kuongorora zvakatipoteredza, anogona kushandisa data iri pakupihwa zvitupa nekuongorora mafambiro ebasa.

2. Ruzivo urwu runogara kwenguva refu uye rwakavimbika zvikuru
Chimiro chakasimba uye dziviriro yehunyanzvi yemheni uye dhizaini yekudzivirira ngura zvinoita kuti kutevedzana kwekutarisa kwenguva refu kurambe kuripo uye kwakavimbika kunogona kupihwa kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakaoma dzisina anodzitarisira.

Iv. Zvingangoitika Zvingangoitika
1. Kuiswa kwacho kwakaoma, kunotora nguva uye kunodhura
Maitiro akaomarara akadai sekuferefeta nzvimbo, kuvaka nheyo, kumisa matanda, kugadzirisa sensor nemazvo, uye kuisa tambo zvinodikanwa. Nguva yekuisa inowanzo tora mazuva akati wandei kana kupfuura.
Mari yekutanga yekudyara (kusanganisira michina, kuvaka zvekuvaka uye kuisa) yakakwira zvikuru kupfuura yechiteshi chemamiriro ekunze chakabatanidzwa.

2. Kutakurwa kwakashata
Kana yangoiswa, inenge iri nzvimbo yakatarwa uye yakaoma kuifambisa. Haina kukodzera mabasa ekutarisa ekukurumidza kana ekutarisa kwenguva pfupi anoda kuchinjwa nzvimbo nguva nenguva.

3. Kugadzirisa kwakaoma kunzwisisa
Kunyangwe dhizaini yemodular iri nyore kutsiva, vashandi vekugadzirisa vanofanirwa kukwira matanda kana kushandisa michina yekusimudza kuti vachengetedze masensa ari panzvimbo dzakakwirira, izvo zvinoisa njodzi dzekuchengetedza uye matambudziko ekushanda.

4. Ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya panzvimbo yekuisa
Inoda nzvimbo yakakura ine nzvimbo yakashama inosangana nezvinodiwa nemutemo wekutarisa uye zvakaoma kuisa mumaguta kana nzvimbo dzine nzvimbo shoma.

Pfupiso uye Kuenzanisa
Kuti tinzwisise zviri pachena, tinogona kuenzanisa pakati penzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze yakaiswa pamatanda nenzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze yakabatanidzwa:

Mhedziso

Nzvimbo yekuongorora mamiriro ekunze ine danda "inyanzvi" uye "nzvimbo inogara iripo" mumunda wekutarisa mamiriro ekunze. Nekunyatsorongeka kwayo, kuvimbika kwayo kwakanyanya uye kutevedzera mitemo yepasi rose, inoita mabasa ekutarisa kwenguva refu uye akasimba ane zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvemhando yedata. Nzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze dzakabatana, kune rumwe rutivi, dzinoshanda se "mabhiza akareruka", dzichikunda nekuchinjika kwadzo uye nyore, dzichizadzisa kudiwa kukuru kwekuiswa nekukurumidza uye kudhura zvishoma munguva yeInternet of Things. Dzese dzine zvinangwa zvadzo uye pamwe chete dzinoumba network yemazuva ano yekutarisa mamiriro ekunze.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvenzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze,

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