South America ine mamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana uye mamiriro enzvimbo, kubva kuAmazon rainforest kusvika kumakomo eAndes kusvika kuPampas yakakura. Maindasitiri akadai sekurima, simba, uye zvekufambisa ari kuramba achitsamira pane data yemamiriro ekunze. Sechishandiso chepakati chekuunganidza meteorological data, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zviri kuwedzera kushandiswa zvakanyanya muSouth America. Nekutarisisa nguva chaiyo yemamiriro ekunze akadai setembiricha, kunaya, kumhanya kwemhepo, uye hunyoro, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvinopa rutsigiro rwakakosha pakugadzirwa kwekurima, yambiro yenjodzi, kutonga zviwanikwa zvemvura, uye mamwe minda.
1. Mabasa uye zvakanakira meteorological zviteshi
Chiteshi chemamiriro ekunze chishandiso chinoshandiswa kutarisa uye kurekodha data yemamiriro ekunze, kazhinji kusanganisira anotevera mabasa:
Multi-parameter yekutarisa: Inogona kutarisa akawanda meteorological parameters senge tembiricha, kunaya, kumhanya kwemhepo, mafambiro emhepo, hunyoro, kudzvanywa kwemhepo, uye nemwaranzi yezuva munguva chaiyo.
Kurekodha uye kutapurirana: Iyo meteorological station inogona kurekodha data uye kuendesa iyo data kune yepakati dhatabhesi kana yegore chikuva kuburikidza netiweki isina waya kuti iongororwe uye kugovera.
Yakanyanya kurongeka uye chaiyo-nguva: Yemazuva ano meteorological zviteshi zvinoshandisa yakakwirira-chaiyo sensors kupa chaiyo-nguva uye yakarurama meteorological data.
Kutarisisa kure: Kuburikidza neInternet, vashandisi vanogona kuwana kure meteorological station data yekutarisa-chaiyo-nguva uye yambiro yekutanga.
Kushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze muSouth America kune zvinotevera zvakanakira:
Tsigira kunyatsoita zvekurima: ipa varimi data remamiriro ekunze kuti vabatsire kukwirisa kudyara uye zvirongwa zvekudiridza.
Yambiro yenjodzi: chaiyo-nguva yekutarisisa mamiriro ekunze akanyanya senge mvura inonaya, kusanaya kwemvura, madutu, nezvimwewo, kupa hwaro hwekudzivirira njodzi uye mhinduro yekukurumidzira.
Kutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura: tarisisa kunaya uye kubuda kwemhepo, kutsigira kwekuchengetedza reservoir uye kuronga kudiridza.
Tsvagiridzo yeSainzi: inopa yenguva refu uye inoenderera meteorological data yekutsvagisa mamiriro ekunze uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
2. Mamiriro ekushandisa muSouth America
2.1 Kumashure kwekushandisa
Mamiriro okunze muSouth America akaoma kunzwisisa uye akasiyana-siyana, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinowanzotapurwa nemamiriro okunze anonyanyisa, akadai semvura zhinji muAmazon, chando muAndes, uye kusanaya kwemvura muPampas. Kushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze kunopa tsigiro yakakosha yedata remamiriro ekunze kumatunhu aya, zvichibatsira maindasitiri akaita sekurima, magetsi, uye zvekufambisa kuti agone kutarisana nematambudziko ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
2.2 Mamiriro ekushandisa chaiwo
Nyaya yekutanga: Kushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze mukurima chaiko muBrazil
Brazil ndiyo yakakosha mutengesi wezvigadzirwa zvekurima munyika, uye zvekurima zvinotsamira zvakanyanya padata remamiriro ekunze. KuMato Grosso, Brazil, varimi vesoyabhinzi nechibage vakawana manejimendi ekurima nekuisa zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze. Iwo chaiwo maapplication ndeaya anotevera:
Deployment nzira: Isa otomatiki mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo dzekurima, paine chiteshi chimwe chakaiswa ega ega gumi emakiromita.
Monitoring parameters: tembiricha, kunaya, humidity, kumhanya kwemhepo, solar radiation, nezvimwe.
Maitiro ekushandisa:
Varimi vanokwanisa kugadzirisa nguva dzekudyara nekudiridza zvichibva pane chaiyo-nguva meteorological data kuderedza kusaraswa kwemvura.
Nekufanotaura kunaya nekusanaya kwemvura, gadzirisai fetereza uye zvirongwa zvekurwisa zvipembenene kuti muwedzere goho.
Muna 2020, kugadzirwa kwesoya bhinzi muMato Grosso kwakawedzera nezvikamu gumi nembiri kubva muzana nekuda kwekushandiswa kweiyo chaiyo meteorological data.
Nyaya yechipiri: Weather station network muPeruvian Andes
The Peruvian Andes inzvimbo inokosha yekudyara mbatatisi uye chibage, asi nharaunda yacho ine mamiriro ekunze anochinja, anogara achiita chando uye kusanaya kwemvura. Hurumende yePeru yakashanda pamwe nemasangano ekutsvagisa zvesainzi kumisa network yezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze muAndes kutsigira budiriro yekurima yemuno. Iwo chaiwo maapplication ndeaya anotevera:
Deployment method: Isai zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvidiki munzvimbo dzakakwirira kuti dzivhare nzvimbo huru dzekurima.
Monitoring paramita: tembiricha, kunaya, kumhanya kwemhepo, yambiro yechando, nezvimwe.
Maitiro ekushandisa:
Varimi vanogona kugamuchira yambiro yechando inopihwa nenhepfenyuro dzemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nenharembozha dzavo, kutora matanho ekudzivirira nenguva, uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwezvirimwa.
Data yeMeteorological inobatsira kukwenenzvera zvirongwa zvekudiridza uye kuderedza kukanganiswa nekusanaya kwemvura pakurima.
Muna 2021, kugadzirwa kwembatatisi mudunhu kwakawedzera ne15% nekuda kwekushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze.
Nyaya yechitatu: Kushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze muPampas yeArgentina
Pampas yeArgentina inzvimbo inokosha yezvipfuwo uye nzvimbo inorimwa zviyo muSouth America, asi nzvimbo yacho inowanzobatwa nekusanaya kwemvura nemafashamo. Iyo Argentine National Meteorological Service yakatumira network yakaomeswa yezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze muPampas kutsigira kurima uye kugadzirwa kwezvipfuyo. Iwo chaiwo maapplication ndeaya anotevera:
Deployment method: Isa zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze otomatiki munzvimbo dzine huswa nemapurazi, paine chiteshi chimwe chete chakaiswa makiromita makumi maviri ega ega.
Monitoring parameters: kunaya, tembiricha, humidity, kumhanya kwemhepo, evaporation, nezvimwe.
Maitiro ekushandisa:
Ranchers inogona kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekufudza zvichibva pane meteorological data kudzivirira kukuvara kwezvipfuyo mumamiriro ekunze akanyanya.
Varimi vanoshandisa dhata rekunaya kwemvura kuti vakwanise kudiridza nenguva dzekudyara kuwedzera goho regorosi nechibage.
Muna 2022, goho rezviyo muPampas rakawedzera ne8% nekuda kwekushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze.
Nyaya 4: Kushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze munzvimbo dzewaini dzeChile
Chile inogadzira waini yakakosha muSouth America, uye kurimwa kwemazambiringa kunotarisisa zvakanyanya kumamiriro ekunze. Mukati memupata mudunhu reChile, ma wineries akawana manejimendi ekurima mazambiringa nekuisa zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze. Iwo chaiwo maapplication ndeaya anotevera:
Deployment nzira: Isa zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze mumunda wemizambiringa, paine chiteshi chimwe chete chakaiswa pamahekita mashanu.
Monitoring parameters: tembiricha, humidity, kunaya, solar radiation, yambiro yechando, nezvimwe.
Maitiro ekushandisa:
Wineries inogona kugadzirisa kudiridza uye zvirongwa zvefertilization zvichibva pane meteorological data kuvandudza kunaka kwemazambiringa.
Iyo yambiro yechando inobatsira vanogadzira waini kutora matanho panguva yekudzivirira mazambiringa kubva kukuvadzwa kwechando.
Muna 2021, goho rewaini uye kunaka mukati memupata weChile zvakavandudzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze.
3. Mhedziso
Kushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze muSouth America kunopa tsigiro yakakosha yedata rekurima, kupfuya zvipfuyo, manejimendi ezviwanikwa zvemvura nemamwe minda, zvichibatsira kutarisana nematambudziko akaunzwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuburikidza nekutarisa chaiko-nguva uye kuongororwa kwedata, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze hazvingonatsiridza kugadzirwa kwekugadzira uye mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa, asiwo zvinopa maturusi ane simba ekunyevera nezvenjodzi uye tsvakiridzo yesainzi. Mune ramangwana, nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi uye kusimudzirwa kwekushandisa, tarisiro yekushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze muSouth America ichave yakakura.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-18-2025