Kuwanda kweokisijeni mumvura yepasi redu kuri kudzikira nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya—kubva mumadziva kuenda kugungwa. Kurasikirwa kweokisijeni kuri kutyisidzira kwete chete nharaunda, asiwo mararamiro ezvikamu zvikuru zvevanhu nepasi rose, sekureva kwevanyori vechidzidzo chepasi rose chine chekuita neGEOMAR chakaburitswa nhasi muNature Ecology & Evolution.
Vanoti kurasikirwa kweokisijeni mumvura kuonekwe seimwe muganhu wenyika kuitira kuti pave nekutarisa pasi rose, kutsvagisa uye matanho ezvematongerwo enyika.
Okisijeni chinhu chakakosha pahupenyu hwepasi pano. Kurasikirwa kweokisijeni mumvura, kunonziwo kubviswa kweoxygen mumvura, kunokanganisa hupenyu hwese. Chikwata chevaongorori vepasi rose chinotsanangura kuti kubviswa kweoxygen mumvura kunoramba kuchikonzera sei njodzi huru kumararamiro evanhu vakawanda munharaunda uye kugadzikana kwehupenyu hwepasi redu.
Ongororo yapfuura yakaratidza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi rose, dzinonzi miganhu yemapuraneti, dzinodzora kugara kwepasi rose uye kugadzikana kwaro. Kana mitemo yakakosha mumaitiro aya ikabvumidzwa, njodzi yekuchinja kukuru, kwakangoerekana kwaitika kana kuti kusingadzoreki kwezvakatipoteredza ("tipping points") inowedzera uye kusimba kwepasi redu, kugadzikana kwaro, kunoiswa munjodzi.
Pakati pemiganhu mipfumbamwe yemapuraneti pane shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, shanduko yekushandiswa kwevhu, uye kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Vanyori vechidzidzo chitsva vanoti kubviswa kweoxygen mumvura kunoenderana, uye kunodzora, mamwe maitiro emiganhu yemapuraneti.
"Zvakakosha kuti kubviswa kweoxygen mumvura kuiswe pane rondedzero yemiganhu yemapuraneti," akadaro Purofesa Dr. Rose wekuRensselaer Polytechnic Institute muTroy, New York, munyori mukuru webhuku iri. "Izvi zvichabatsira kutsigira nekutarisa pasi rose, kutsvagisa, uye kuedza kwemitemo yekubatsira nharaunda dzedu dzemumvura uye, zvakare, nzanga yese."
Munzvimbo dzese dzemumvura, kubva kunzizi nenzizi, madhamu, madhamu, nemadziva kusvika kumatsime emvura, mahombekombe, negungwa rakavhurika, huwandu hweokisijeni yakanyungudika hwakaderera nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya mumakumi emakore achangopfuura.
Madziva nemadhamu zvakarasikirwa neokisijeni ne5.5% uye 18.6% zvichiteerana kubvira muna 1980. Gungwa rakarasikirwa neokisijeni ne2% kubvira muna 1960. Kunyangwe nhamba iyi ichinzwika sediki, nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwegungwa inomiririra huwandu hwakawanda hweokisijeni hwakarasika.
Nzvimbo dzemugungwa dzakasanganawo nekusiyana kukuru mukuderera kweokisijeni. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dziri pakati pemvura dziri pedyo neCentral California dzakarasikirwa ne40% yeokisijeni yadzo mumakumi emakore apfuura. Huwandu hwenzvimbo dzemumvura dzakakanganiswa nekuderera kweokisijeni hwakawedzera zvakanyanya mumarudzi ese.
"Zvikonzero zvekurasikirwa neokisijeni mumvura kudziya kwepasi rose nekuda kwemhepo inokonzera kudziya kwepasi uye zvinovaka muviri zvinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwevhu," anodaro mumwe munyori Dr. Andreas Oschlies, Purofesa weMarine Biogeochemical Modelling paGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel.
"Kana tembiricha yemvura ikakwira, kunyungudika kweokisijeni mumvura kunoderera. Pamusoro pezvo, kudziya kwepasi rose kunowedzera kupatsanurwa kwechikamu chemvura, nekuti mvura inodziya, isina munyu wakawanda ine density yakaderera iri pamusoro pemvura inotonhora uye yakadzika ine munyu."
"Izvi zvinotadzisa kuchinjana kwezvikamu zvakadzika zvisina oxygen nemvura ine oxygen yakawanda pamusoro. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinovaka muviri zvinobva muvhu zvinotsigira maruva emugungwa, izvo zvinoita kuti oxygen yakawanda ishandiswe sezvo zvinhu zvakawanda zvemugungwa zvichinyura uye zvichiora netupukanana pakadzika."
Nzvimbo dziri mugungwa dzine mweya mudiki zvekuti hove, hove kana shiri dzemugungwa hadzichakwanise kurarama dziri kutyisidzira kwete zvisikwa chete, asiwo mabasa ekuchengetedza nharaunda akadai sekubata hove, kurima gungwa, kushanya uye tsika dzetsika.
Maitiro e microbiotic munzvimbo dzisina okisijeni anowedzerawo kuburitsa magasi ane simba ekupisa akadai se nitrous oxide ne methane, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukuwedzera kwekupisa kwepasi rose uye nekudaro chikonzero chikuru chekuderera kweokisijeni.
Vanyori vanonyevera kuti: Tiri kusvika padanho rakakosha rekubvisa okisijeni mumvura iro richazopedzisira rakanganisa mimwe miganhu yemapuraneti.
Purofesa Dr. Rose vanoti, “Okisijeni yakanyungudutswa inodzora basa remvura yakachena yemugungwa mukuchinja mamiriro ekunze ePasi. Kuvandudza huwandu hweokisijeni kunoenderana nekugadzirisa zvikonzero, kusanganisira kudziya kwemamiriro ekunze uye mvura inoyerera kubva munzvimbo dzakabudirira.
"Kukundikana kugadzirisa kubviswa kweoxygen mumvura, pakupedzisira, hakuzongokanganisi chete nharaunda asiwo mabasa ehupfumi, pamwe nenzanga pasi rose."
Maitiro ekubvisa okisijeni mumvura anomiririra yambiro yakajeka uye kurudziro yekuti chiito chiitwe chinofanira kukurudzira shanduko dzekunonotsa kana kutoderedza muganhu uyu wepasi.
Sensor yeokisijeni yakanyungudutswa yemhando yemvura
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-12-2024