Senzvimbo yakakosha yekutarisa nekuongorora mamiriro ekunze, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvinoita basa rakakosha mukunzwisisa uye kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze, kudzidza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, kuchengetedza zvekurima nekusimudzira kusimukira kwehupfumi. Iri bepa richakurukura basa rekutanga, kuumbwa, mashandiro emamiriro ekunze chiteshi uye mashandisiro ayo uye kukosha kwayo mukuita.
1. Basic mabasa emamiriro ekunze zviteshi
Basa guru rechiteshi chemamiriro ekunze kuunganidza, kurekodha uye kuongorora data inoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Iyi data inosanganisira, asi haina kugumira ku:
Tembiricha: Inorekodha shanduko mumhepo uye tembiricha yepasi.
Humidity: Inoyera huwandu hwemhute yemvura mumhepo uye inokanganisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Barometric pressure: Mamonitor anochinja mukumanikidzwa kwemuchadenga kubatsira kufanotaura mafambiro emamiriro ekunze.
Kunaya kwemvura: Kurekodha huwandu uye kusimba kwekunaya kwemvura kwakakosha pakutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura uye kudiridza kwekurima.
Kumhanya kwemhepo uye kwairi kuenda: Nhepfenyuro dzemamiriro ekunze dzinounganidza data iri kuburikidza neanemometers uye mhepo vanes kuti vabatsire kuongorora mhedzisiro yemhepo, kunyanya mukufungidzira nezvechamupupuri nemadutu.
2. Kuumbwa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze
Chiteshi chemamiriro ekunze chinowanzo kuve nezvinhu zvinotevera kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakwana rwemamiriro ekunze:
Sensors: Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kuyera akasiyana meteorological zvinhu, senge tembiricha sensors, humidity probes, kunaya kwemvura, nezvimwe.
Recorder: Dhata yekuchengetedza mudziyo inorekodha ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa ne sensor.
Sistimu yekukurukurirana: Iyo data yakaunganidzwa inoendeswa kunzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze kana dhatabhesi munguva chaiyo yekuzoongorora.
Zvishandiso zvemagetsi: Iyo magetsi inogonesa kushanda kwakagadzikana kwenzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo zhinji dzemazuva ano dzemamiriro ekunze dzinoshandisa simba rezuva.
Kugadzirisa data uye kuongorora software: Shandisa komputa software kuongorora uye kuona data kuti ibudise mamiriro ekunze uye mishumo yemamiriro ekunze.
3. Mode yekushanda kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze
Zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvakakamurwa kuita otomatiki mamiriro ekunze uye zviteshi zvekunze zvekunze:
Otomatiki mamiriro ekunze: Iyi mhando yechiteshi chemamiriro ekunze inowanzo umbwa nemakomputa uye masensa, ayo anogona kuunganidza data maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva uye kurodha data munguva chaiyo. Iri rudzi rwechiteshi chemamiriro ekunze rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutsvagisa kwesainzi uye kufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze, nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwayo hwepamusoro uye huchokwadi.
Artificial weather stations: Zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvakadaro zvinotsamira kune vanoongorora mamiriro ekunze kuti vatarise zuva nezuva uye kurekodha, kunyangwe chokwadi uye kuvimbika kweiyo data kwakakwira, asi kukanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze uye kushanda kwemaoko, pachava nezvimwe zvinogumira.
Mushure mekuita kwakasimba kwakamisikidzwa, iyo data yechiteshi chemamiriro ekunze haingoda kucheneswa nekugadzirisa chete, asi zvakare kuongororwa nedhipatimendi remamiriro ekunze kuti ive nechokwadi uye kuvimbika kweruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze.
4. Kushanda kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze
Nhepfenyuro dzemamiriro ekunze dzine zvakakosha zvekushandisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira:
Kufembera kwemamiriro ekunze: Neruzivo rwunopihwa nezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze, vanoongorora mamiriro ekunze vanokwanisa kuongorora mafambiro emamiriro ekunze uye kugadzira fungidziro yemamiriro ekunze echokwadi kubatsira veruzhinji nemaindasitiri kugadzirira nguva isati yasvika.
Kutarisira Zvekurima: Varimi vanogona kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekudyara zvinoenderana nedata remamiriro ekunze rinopihwa nenhepfenyuro dzemamiriro ekunze, kuronga madiridziro uye fetereza, uye kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kwekurima nekukohwa.
Tsvagiridzo yemamiriro ekunze: Mukuunganidzira data renguva refu, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvinobatsira kudzidza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kupa hwaro hwesainzi hwekugadzira mitemo uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.
Njodzi yekukurumidza yambiro: Njodzi dzemusikirwo dzisati dzaitika, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvinogona kupa yambiro yemamiriro ekunze panguva yakakodzera, sechamupupuri, kunaya kwemvura zhinji, tembiricha yakanyanyisa, nezvimwewo, kuitira kuti hurumende, makambani nevagari vatore matanho edziviriro pachine nguva kuti vaderedze kurasikirwa kwevashandi nemidziyo.
5. Mhosva chaidzo
Kesi yekutanga yambiro yeDutu "Lingling" muna 2019
Muna 2019, Typhoon Lingling yakawira muEast China Sea, uye yambiro yakasimba yemamiriro ekunze yakapihwa pachine nguva nekuda kwekucherechedzwa kwakawanda kwakaitwa nenhepfenyuro yemamiriro ekunze dutu risati rasvika. Idzi nyevero dzechimbichimbi dzinoita kuti vagari vomunzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa vagadzirire pachine nguva, vachideredza kufa uye kurasikirwa nepfuma kunokonzerwa nemadutu. Iyo chaiyo-nguva data monitoring system yemamiriro ekunze yakafanotaura kusimba uye kufamba nzira ye "Ling Ling" kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwemhepo kumhanya, kumanikidza uye mamwe data, ichipa hwaro hwesainzi hwekudavidza kwekukurumidzira kwehurumende yenzvimbo.
Zvekurima kushandiswa kwezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze mumaruwa eChina
Mumaruwa mazhinji ari kure eChina, madhipatimendi ezvemamiriro ekunze akagadzira nzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze mumapurazi. Nekutarisa hunyoro hwevhu, tembiricha, kunaya kwemvura uye humwe ruzivo, nhepfenyuro dzemamiriro ekunze idzi dzakagadzira fungidziro yemamiriro ekunze ekubatsira varimi kuronga nguva yekudyara nekukohwa. Semuyenzaniso, mune imwe dunhu, kuwana ruzivo rwekunaya kwemvura nenguva kwakagonesa varimi kuti vapindure zviri nani pakusanaya kwemvura, kuve nechokwadi chekukura kwembesa nekuwedzera kurimwa kwechikafu.
Yenguva yakareba yakatevedzana data muzvidzidzo zvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze
Makore akawanda eruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze anounganidzwa pazviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze pasi rose, zvichipa hwaro hwakasimba hwekutarisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Semuyenzaniso, National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) muUnited States, inotsamira pamashoko enguva refu anobva kumazana enhepfenyuro dzemamiriro ekunze kuti aongorore uye afanotaura mafambiro emamiriro ekunze. Vakaona kuti mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, avhareji yetembiricha muUnited States yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvakakanganisa kuchinja kwezvipenyu uye kuwanda kwenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinopa hwaro hwesainzi hwevagadziri vemitemo kuti vagadzire marongero ekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye matambudziko aanounza.
6. Kutungamira kweramangwana rebudiriro
Mamiriro ekunze ari kusimukira sezvo tekinoroji inoshanduka. Mamiriro ekunze mune ramangwana achave akangwara, anetiweki uye akabatanidzwa:
Yakangwara yemamiriro ekunze chiteshi: Shandisa hungwaru hwekunyepedzera uye hombe yekuongorora data tekinoroji kuti uvandudze kugadzirisa kwedata nekurongeka.
Networking: Inetiweki inoumbwa pakati pezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze akawanda kugovera data-chaiyo nguva uye kugadzirisa kugona kwekutarisa.
Kutariswa kwemuchadenga: Kubatanidza matekinoroji matsva akadai semadrone nemasatelliti kuwedzera chiyero uye kudzika kwekutarisa kwemamiriro ekunze.
Mhedziso
Senzvimbo yakakosha yekutarisa mamiriro ekunze uye kutsvagisa, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze hazvingope ruzivo rwekutanga ruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze, asi zvakare vanoita basa rinokosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana sekutsvaga kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, basa rekurima remamiriro ekunze uye njodzi yekutanga. Kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwetekinoroji uye kugadziridzwa kwedata, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvinopa masevhisi emamiriro ekunze akanyanya uye nenguva yehupenyu hwevanhu nekusimudzira hupfumi, uye kubatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-15-2025