Mukutarisa mamiriro ekunze uye kutarisa kwezvakatipoteredza, zvakakosha kuti uwane data rakarurama uye rine nguva. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, zviteshi zvemeteorological zvakawanda zvinoshandisa masensa edhijitari uye maprotocol ekutaurirana kuvandudza kugona kwekuunganidza nekufambisa data. Pakati pavo, SDI-12 (Serial Data Interface pa 1200 baud) protocol yakave sarudzo yakakosha mumunda wezviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze nekuda kwekureruka kwayo, kushanduka uye kushanda.
1. Hunhu hweSDI-12 protocol
SDI-12 ndeye serial yekutaurirana protocol kune yakaderera-simba sensors, yakakodzera kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekutarisa nharaunda. Iyo protocol ine anotevera makuru maficha:
Yakaderera-simba dhizaini: Iyo SDI-12 protocol inobvumira ma sensors kuti apinde mumodhi yekurara kana isingashande, nekudaro ichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba uye inokodzera bhatiri-powered zvishandiso.
Multi-sensor tsigiro: Kusvikira ku62 sensors inogona kubatanidzwa kune SDI-12 bhazi, uye iyo data ye sensor imwe neimwe inogona kuzivikanwa nekero yakasarudzika, iyo inoita kuti kuvakwa kwehurongwa kuve nyore.
Zviri nyore kubatanidza: Kumisikidzwa kweSDI-12 protocol inobvumira masensa kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri kuti vashande mune imwecheteyo sisitimu, uye kubatanidzwa nemuunganidzi data kuri nyore.
Yakagadzika dhata yekufambisa: SDI-12 inotumira data kuburikidza negumi nemaviri-bit manhamba, kuve nechokwadi chechokwadi uye kuvimbika kweiyo data.
2. Kuumbwa kweSDI-12 kubuda kwemamiriro ekunze chiteshi
Nzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze yakavakirwa paSDI-12 protocol kazhinji ine zvikamu zvinotevera:
Sensor: Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chechiteshi chemamiriro ekunze, chinounganidza data yemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nemasensi akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira tembiricha sensors, humidity sensors, mhepo inomhanya uye inotungamira sensors, precipitation sensors, nezvimwe zvese sensors zvinotsigira SDI-12 protocol.
Muunganidzi wedata: ane mutoro wekugamuchira sensor data uye kuigadzirisa. Iyo inounganidza data inotumira zvikumbiro kune imwe neimwe sensor kuburikidza neSDI-12 protocol uye inogamuchira yakadzoserwa data.
Dhata yekuchengetera data: Iyo data yakaunganidzwa inowanzochengetwa mumudziyo wekuchengetera mudziyo, senge SD kadhi, kana kurodha kune yegore server kuburikidza netiweki isina waya yekuchengeta kwenguva refu uye kuongororwa.
Data transmission module: Zviteshi zvemazuva ano zvemamiriro ekunze zvakashongedzerwa newireless transmission modules, senge GPRS, LoRa kana Wi-Fi modules, kufambisa-chaiyo-nguva yekufambisa data kune iri kure yekutarisisa chikuva.
Kutonga kwemagetsi: Kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakasimba kwenguva refu kwechiteshi chemamiriro ekunze, zvigadziriso zvesimba zvinogoneka senge solar cell uye lithium mabhatiri anowanzoshandiswa.
3. Mamiriro ekushandisa eSDI-12 mamiriro ekunze
SDI-12 inobuda mamiriro ekunze zviteshi zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda, kusanganisira:
Zvekurima meteorological monitoring: Meteorological station inogona kupa chaiyo-nguva meteorological data yekugadzirwa kwekurima uye kubatsira varimi kuita sarudzo dzesainzi.
Kutarisisa kwezvakatipoteredza: Mukutarisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, meteorological zviteshi zvinogona kubatsira kutarisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye mhando yemhepo.
Hydrological monitoring: Hydrological meteorological stations inogona kutarisa kunaya uye kunyorova kwevhu, ichipa tsigiro yedata yekutonga zviwanikwa zvemvura uye kudzivirira mafashama uye kuderedza njodzi.
Tsvagiridzo yemamiriro ekunze: Masangano ekutsvagisa anoshandisa SDI-12 zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze kuunganidza data remamiriro ekunze kwenguva refu uye kuita tsvakiridzo yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
4. Mhosva chaidzo
Nyaya yekutanga: Chiteshi chezvekurima chemamiriro ekunze muChina
Munzvimbo yekurima muChina, yekurima meteorological monitoring system yakavakwa uchishandisa SDI-12 protocol. Iyo system inonyanya kushandiswa kutarisa mamiriro emamiriro ekunze anodiwa pakukura kwezvirimwa. Chiteshi chemamiriro ekunze chakashongedzerwa neakasiyana ma sensors senge tembiricha, humidity, kumhanya kwemhepo, kunaya, nezvimwewo, izvo zvakabatana nemuunganidzi data kuburikidza neSDI-12 protocol.
Mhedzisiro yekushandisa: Panguva yakakosha yekukura kwezvirimwa, varimi vanogona kuwana data yemamiriro ekunze munguva chaiyo uye mvura uye kuisa fetereza nenguva. Hurongwa uhu hwakavandudza goho nemhando yepamusoro, uye mari yevarimi yakawedzera nezvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana. Kuburikidza nekuongorora data, varimi vanokwanisawo kuronga zvirinani mabasa ekurima uye kuderedza kutambisa zviwanikwa.
Nyaya yechipiri: Urban Environmental Monitoring Project
Mune rimwe guta muPhilippine, hurumende yeko yakatumira akatevedzana eSDI-12 mamiriro ekunze ekutarisa kwezvakatipoteredza, kunyanya kutarisa mamiriro emhepo uye mamiriro ekunze. Izvi zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvine mabasa anotevera:
Sensors inotarisisa maparamendi ezvakatipoteredza senge tembiricha, humidity, kumhanya kwemhepo, PM2.5, PM10, nezvimwe.
Iyo data inotumirwa kunzvimbo yeguta yekutarisa zvakatipoteredza munguva chaiyo uchishandisa SDI-12 protocol.
Maitiro ekushandisa: Nekuunganidza uye kuongorora data, mamaneja emaguta anogona kutora matanho panguva yekutarisana nemamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa akadai semhute uye kupisa kwakanyanya. Vagari vanogona zvakare kuwana ruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze uye emhepo iri pedyo munguva chaiyo kuburikidza nenharembozha zvikumbiro, kuitira kuti vagadzirise zvirongwa zvavo zvekufamba nenguva uye kuchengetedza hutano hwavo.
Nyaya yechitatu: Hydrological Monitoring System
Mune hydrological yekutarisa chirongwa mubheseni rerwizi, iyo SDI-12 protocol inoshandiswa kubata uye kutarisa kuyerera kwerwizi, kunaya uye hunyoro hwevhu. Iyo purojekiti yakamisa akawanda meteorological zviteshi zvekutarisa-nguva chaiyo munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuyera.
Maitiro ekushandisa: Chikwata chepurojekiti chakakwanisa kufanotaura njodzi yemafashamu nekuongorora data iri uye kupa yambiro nekukurumidza kunharaunda dziri pedyo. Nekushanda nehurumende dzematunhu, hurongwa uhu hwakanyatso dzikisa kurasikirwa kwehupfumi hwakakonzerwa nemafashamu uye kwakavandudza kugona kugadzirisa zviwanikwa zvemvura.
Mhedziso
Nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, kushandiswa kweSDI-12 protocol muzviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze kwave kuwanda uye kuwanda. Yayo yakaderera-simba dhizaini, akawanda-sensor rutsigiro uye yakagadzikana dhizaini dhizaini inopa mazano matsva uye mhinduro dzekutarisa mamiriro ekunze. Mune ramangwana, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvakavakirwa paSDI-12 zvicharamba zvichigadzira uye nekupa yakanyatso uye yakavimbika rutsigiro rwekutarisa mamiriro ekunze mumaindasitiri akasiyana.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-16-2025