Senyika ine ruzivo rwakakura, Philippines inosangana nematambudziko akawanda mukutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura, kusanganisira kusvibiswa kwemvura yekunwa, maruva emugungwa, uye kudzikira kwehunhu hwemvura mushure menjodzi dzechisikigo. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwemasensa, masensa emvura akatamba basa rakakosha mukutarisa nekutonga kwenharaunda yemvura munyika. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora zvakarongeka mashandisirwo emasensa emvura muPhilippines, kusanganisira mashandisirwo awo chaiwo mukutarisa nzvimbo dzekurapa mvura, kutonga algae mumakungwa, kurapwa kwemvura yakasviba, uye kupindura njodzi. Chinoongorora kukanganisa kwemashandisirwo aya etekinoroji pakutarisira hunhu hwemvura, hutano hweveruzhinji, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye budiriro yehupfumi muPhilippines, ukuwo chichitaurawo mafambiro nematambudziko emangwana. Nekuongorora ruzivo rwekushandisa masensa emvura muPhilippines, mareferensi anobatsira anogona kupihwa kune dzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira mukushandisa matekinoroji ekutarisa hunhu hwemvura.
Nhoroondo uye Matambudziko Ekutarisa Hunhu Hwemvura muPhilippines
Philippines, nyika ine zvitsuwa zvakawanda iri kuSoutheast Asia ine zvitsuwa zvinopfuura 7,000, inotarisana nematambudziko akasiyana ekutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yakasiyana. Neavhareji yemvura inonaya pagore inosvika 2,348 mm, nyika ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvemvura. Zvisinei, kupararira kusina kuenzana, zvivakwa zvisina kukwana, uye kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kunoita kuti chikamu chikuru chevanhu chisawane mvura yekunwa yakachengeteka. Sekureva kweWorld Health Organization, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni masere vekuPhilippines havana mvura yekunwa yakachengeteka, zvichiita kuti kunaka kwemvura kuve chinhu chakakosha pahutano hwevanhu.
Matambudziko ehunhu hwemvura muPhilippines anonyanya kuoneka nenzira dzinotevera: kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kwemvura inobva mutsime, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda seMetro Manila, uko mvura yakasviba yemumaindasitiri, tsvina yemudzimba, uye mvura inoyerera kubva mukurima inokonzera kudyiwa kwemvura; maruva emumatsime anogara achitumbuka mumvura huru dzakadai seLaguna Lake, iyo isingangoburitse hwema husina kunaka chete asiwo inoburitsa chepfu yemumatsime inokuvadza; kusvibiswa kwesimbi inorema munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, nemazinga akakwira ecadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), uye copper (Cu) akaonekwa muManila Bay; uye kudzikira kwehunhu hwemvura mushure menjodzi nekuda kwemadutu nemafashamo anowanzoitika.
Nzira dzekare dzekutarisa hunhu hwemvura dzinosangana nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda muPhilippines: ongororo yerabhoritari inodhura uye inotora nguva, zvichiita kuti kutarisa panguva chaiyo kuve kwakaoma; kutora sampuro nemaoko kunodziviswa nenzvimbo yakaoma yenyika, zvichisiya nzvimbo dzakawanda dziri kure dzisina kuvhurwa; uye kupatsanurwa kwedata mumasangano akasiyana-siyana kunotadzisa ongororo yakazara. Zvinhu izvi pamwe chete zvinokanganisa mhinduro dzinoshanda kumatambudziko ehunhu hwemvura.
Zvichienderana neizvi, masensa ekusviba kwemvura awana simba rekushandisa sezvishandiso zvinonyatsoshanda uye zvekutarisa panguva chaiyo. Kusviba, chiratidzo chikuru chezvikamu zvakasungirirwa mumvura, hachingokanganisi runako rwemvura chete asiwo chakabatana zvakanyanya nekuvapo kwezvirwere uye huwandu hwemakemikari anosvibisa. Masensa emazuva ano ekusviba anoshanda nepfungwa yechiedza chakapararira: kana danda rechiedza rinopfuura nemumuenzaniso wemvura, zvikamu zvakasungirirwa zvinoparadzira chiedza, uye sensa inoyera simba rechiedza chakapararira chakatarisana nedanda rechiitiko, ichichienzanisa nehukuru hwemukati hwekugadzirisa kuti ione kusviba. Iyi tekinoroji inopa zviyero nekukurumidza, mhedzisiro chaiyo, uye kugona kwekutarisa nguva dzose, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera zvakanyanya zvinodiwa nePhilippines mukutarisa hunhu hwemvura.
Kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yapfuura mu tekinoroji yeIoT uye network dzemasensa asina waya kwakawedzera mashandiro emasensa emvura muPhilippines, kubva pakutarisa nzvimbo dzekurapa mvura dzechinyakare kusvika pakutarisira madhamu, kurapwa kwemvura yakasviba, uye kupindura nekukurumidza. Izvi zvitsva zviri kushandura nzira dzekutarisira hunhu hwemvura, zvichipa mhinduro itsva kumatambudziko ekare.
Ongororo yeTekinoroji yeTurbidity Sensors uye Kukodzera Kwadzo muPhilippines
MaSensor emvura inonaya, semichina mikuru mukutarisa kunaka kwemvura, anovimba nemipimo yawo yehunyanzvi uye hunhu hwekushanda kuti ave nechokwadi chekuvimbika munzvimbo dzakaoma. MaSensor emvura anonaya anoshandisa misimboti yekuyera kwemaziso, kusanganisira chiedza chakapararira, chiedza chinotumirwa, uye nzira dzekuenzanisa, nechiedza chakapararira chiri tekinoroji huru nekuda kwekunyatsojeka kwaro uye kugadzikana. Kana danda rechiedza rikapinda nemumuenzaniso wemvura, zvidimbu zvakasungirirwa zvinoparadzira chiedza, uye sensor inoona kusimba kwechiedza chakapararira pakona chaiyo (kazhinji 90°) kuti ione kusvibiswa. Iyi nzira yekuyera isina kubatana inodzivirira kusvibiswa kwema electrode, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kuongororwa online kwenguva refu.
Zviyero zvikuru zvekushanda kwemasensa emvura zvinosanganisira chiyero chekuyera (kazhinji NTU 0–2,000 kana yakafara), resolution (kusvika NTU 0.1), kurongeka (± 1%–5%), nguva yekupindura, chiyero chekuripa tembiricha, uye chiyero chekudzivirira. Munzvimbo dzinopisa dzePhilippines, kuchinjika kwezvakatipoteredza kwakakosha zvikuru, kusanganisira kuramba tembiricha yepamusoro (chiyero chekushanda che 0–50°C), chiyero chekudzivirira chakakwirira (IP68 waterproofing), uye kugona kudzivirira biofouling. Masensa emazuva ano emhando yepamusoro anosanganisirawo mabasa ekuchenesa otomatiki achishandisa mabhurashi emakanika kana tekinoroji ye ultrasonic kuderedza kuwanda kwekugadzirisa.
Ma sensor emvura akakodzera Philippines nekuda kwekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana kwehunyanzvi: mvura dzemunyika dzinowanzo ratidza mvura yakawanda, kunyanya munguva yemvura apo mvura inoyerera pamusoro inowedzera, zvichiita kuti kutarisa nguva chaiyo kuve kwakakosha; magetsi asina kugadzikana munzvimbo dziri kure anogadziriswa nema sensor ane simba shoma (<0.5 W) anogona kushanda nesimba rezuva; uye nzvimbo yechitsuwa ichi inoita kuti nzira dzekutaurirana dzisina waya (semuenzaniso, RS485 Modbus/RTU, LoRaWAN) dzive dzakanakira network dzekutarisa dzakapararira.
MuPhilippines, masensa emvura anowanzo sanganiswa nemamwe maparamita emhando yemvura kuti vagadzire masisitimu ekutarisa hunhu hwemvura ane maparamita akawanda. Maparamita akajairika anosanganisira pH, okisijeni yakanyungudutswa (DO), conductivity, tembiricha, uye ammonia nitrogen, izvo pamwe chete zvinopa ongororo yakazara yehunhu hwemvura. Semuenzaniso, mukutarisa algae, kusanganisa data remvura yakanyungudutswa ne chlorophyll fluorescence values kunovandudza kurongeka kwekuona maruva ealgal; mukurapa mvura yakasviba, turbidity uye chemical oxygen demand (COD) correlation analysis inovandudza maitiro ekurapa. Iyi nzira yakabatanidzwa inowedzera kushanda kwekutarisa uye inoderedza mari yese yekushandisa.
Mafambiro etekinoroji anoratidza kuti mashandisirwo e sensor ye turbidity muPhilippines ari kuenda kumasisitimu akangwara uye ane network. Masensa matsva anosanganisira edge computing yekugadzirisa data remunharaunda uye kuona zvisingawanzoitiki, nepo mapuratifomu egore achigonesa kuwana data riri kure uye kugovera kuburikidza nemaPC nemidziyo yefoni. Semuenzaniso, chikuva cheSunlight Smart Cloud chinobvumira kutarisa nekuchengetedza data kubva mugore maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, zvichiita kuti vashandisi vawane data rekare vasina kubatana nguva dzose. Kufambira mberi uku kunopa maturusi ane simba ekutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura, kunyanya mukugadzirisa zviitiko zvemhando yemvura zvinongoerekana zvaitika uye kuongorora mafambiro kwenguva refu.
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