Nhoroondo yeKutarisa Hunhu hweMvura uye Matambudziko eKusvibiswa kweAmmonium muMalaysia
Senyika inokosha yekurima nemaindasitiri muSoutheast Asia, Malaysia inotarisana nematambudziko akanyanya ekusvibiswa kwemvura, nekusvibiswa kweammonium ion (NH₄⁺) kuri kuratidza kuchengetedzeka kwemvura. Nekufambira mberi kwemapurojekiti epasi rose ezvakatipoteredza sechirongwa cheMalaysia che "Rwizi rweHupenyu", tekinoroji yekunzwa kweammonium ion yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya munyika yese, ichigadzira mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana kubva pakugadzirisa rwizi rwemaguta kusvika pakurima hove.
Malaysia ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvemvura, kusanganisira nzizi dzakawanda, madhamu, uye mvura yepasi pevhu inoshanda semvura yekunwa yemamiriyoni uku ichitsigira kudiridza kwekurima, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, uye nharaunda. Zvisinei, kukurumidza kukura kwemaguta nekukura kwekurima kwakaisa dambudziko guru panharaunda yemvura yeMalaysia, nekusvibiswa kweammonium kuchiva chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukonzera matambudziko. Maion eammonium anonyanya kubva pakuyerera kwefetereza yekurima, tsvina yemumba, uye mvura yakasviba yemumaindasitiri. Kuwanda kwemvura hakungokonzere kupararira kwemvura chete asiwo kunokonzera njodzi dzehutano kuburikidza nekushandurwa kuita nitrites ne nitrates, kunyanya kuwedzera njodzi ye methemoglobinemia yevana vacheche (blue baby syndrome).
Ruzivo kubva kuDhipatimendi reZvakatipoteredza reMalaysia runoratidza kuti huwandu hweammonium munzizi zhinji huru hwapfuura mwero wechenjedzo we0.3mg/L. Rwizi rweKlang—“rwizi rwaamai” rweKuala Lumpur—runogara ruchiratidza huwandu hweammonium huri pasi pe2-3mg/L, zvichipfuura mwero wemvura yekunwa weWHO. Izvi zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzekurima dzeSelangor nenzvimbo dzemaindasitiri dzePenang, uko kusvibiswa kweammonium kwave dambudziko guru rebudiriro inoenderera mberi.
Nzira dzekare dzekutarisa dzine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda muMalaysia:
- Kuongororwa kwemurabhoritari kunotora maawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere, kusingakwanise kuratidza shanduko dzenguva chaiyo
- Kutora sampuro nemaoko kunonetsa nenharaunda yakaoma yeMalaysia
- Ruzivo rwakakamurwa mumasangano ese haruna manejimendi akabatana
Zvinhu izvi zvinotadzisa mhinduro dzinoshanda kumatambudziko ekusvibiswa kweammonium.
Nheyo dzeTekinoroji dzeAmmonium Sensors uye Kukodzera Kwadzo kuMalaysia
Masensa emazuva ano eammonium anoshandiswa muMalaysia anonyanya kushandisa nzira nhatu dzekuona, imwe neimwe ine zvakanakira zvakasiyana pakuongorora kwakasiyana:
- Tekinoroji yeIon-Selective Electrode (ISE)
- Inonyanya kushandiswa muMalaysia
- Inoyera shanduko dzinogona kuitika paganda rinonzwa ammonium
- Zvakanakira: Chimiro chiri nyore, mutengo wakaderera, mhinduro nekukurumidza (
- Muenzaniso: Masensa eISE akavandudzwa eXianhe Environmental muchirongwa cheKlang River anowana kururama kwe±0.05mg/L nekuripira tembiricha uye machira ekudzivirira kukanganiswa.
- Tekinoroji yeOptical Fluorescence
- Inoona shanduko dze fluorescence kubva kudhayi dzinoshanda ne ammonium
- Haisi kukanganiswa neruvara rwemvura/kusviba
- Kuongororwa kushoma kunodiwa
- Muenzaniso: Masisitimu ekutarisa efoni anoshandiswa neMIC-騰晖 Telecom anobatanidza izvi nesimba rezuva uye NB-IoT kunzvimbo dziri kure.
- Tekinoroji yeColorimetric
- Inoyera kuchinja kwemavara kubva pakupindura kwechiratidzo cheammonium
- Mhinduro inononoka (maminitsi 15-30) asi inosarudzwa zvakanyanya
- Yakanakira kushandiswa kwekurima
- Muenzaniso: Kutarisisa kudiridza kwakarurama kweMARDI
- Tinogonawo kupa mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dze
1. Mita inobatwa nemaoko yemhando yemvura ine maparameter akawanda
2. Sisitimu yeFloating Buoy yemhando yemvura ine maparameter akawanda
3. Bhurashi rekuchenesa otomatiki re sensor yemvura ine ma parameter akawanda
4. Seti yakakwana yemaseva nesoftware isina waya module, inotsigira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
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