Zvikumbiro zvekubudirira mukununura njodzi
Sezvo iri nyika yakakura kwazvo pasi rose iri pedyo nePacific Ring of Fire, Indonesia inotarisana nekutyisidzirwa nguva dzose nekudengenyeka kwenyika, tsunami, nedzimwe njodzi dzechisikigo. Nzira dzekutsvaga nekununura dzechinyakare dzinowanzo shanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara akadai sekudonha kwezvivakwa, uko tekinoroji yekuona radar yakavakirwa paDoppler inopa mhinduro itsva. Muna 2022, timu yekutsvagisa yeTaiwan-Indonesia yakagadzira sisitimu yeradar inokwanisa kuona kufema kwevapukunyuki kuburikidza nemadziro ekongiri, zvichimiririra kusvetuka kukuru mukugona kwekuona hupenyu mushure menjodzi.
Chinhu chikuru chehunyanzvi uhwu chiri mukubatanidzwa kwahwo neFrequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar pamwe nemaalgorithms epamusoro ekugadzirisa masaini. Sisitimu iyi inoshandisa nzira mbiri dzekuyera nemazvo kuti ikunde kukanganiswa kwemasaini kubva mumarara: yekutanga inofungidzira uye inotsiva kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nezvipingamupinyi zvikuru, nepo yechipiri ichitarisa pakuona mafambiro echipfuva asina kusimba (kazhinji 0.5-1.5 cm amplitude) kubva pakufema kusvika pakuona nzvimbo dzakapona. Kuongororwa kwerabhoritari kunoratidza kugona kwesisitimu kupinda mumadziro ekongiri ane ukobvu hwe40 cm uye kuona kufema kusvika kumamita 3.28 kumashure, nekunyatsorongeka kwenzvimbo mukati me ±3.375 cm - kupfuura michina yemazuva ano yekuona hupenyu.
Kushanda zvakanaka kwekushanda kwakasimbiswa kuburikidza nezviitiko zvekununura zvakaedzwa. Nevanhu vana vanozvipira vakamira seri kwemadziro ekongiri ane ukobvu hwakasiyana, sisitimu iyi yakabudirira kuona zviratidzo zvekufema zvevaya vese vakaedzwa, ichichengetedza kushanda kwakavimbika kunyangwe vari mumamiriro emadziro akaomarara e40 cm. Iyi nzira yekusabata inobvisa kudiwa kwevanunuri kupinda munzvimbo dzine njodzi, zvichideredza zvakanyanya njodzi dzekukuvara kwechipiri. Kusiyana nenzira dzechinyakare dzeacoustic, infrared kana optical, Doppler radar inoshanda yakazvimirira pane rima, utsi kana ruzha, zvichiita kuti ishande maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pasvondo panguva yekununura kwakakosha kwe "golden-awa makumi manomwe nemaviri".
Tafura: Kuenzanisa Kwekushanda Kwematekinoroji Ekuona Upenyu Hwakapinda Mukati
| Paramita | Radha yeDoppler FMCW | Kufungidzira kweThermal | MaSensor eAcoustic | Makamera eOptical |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kupinda | Kongiri ye40cm | Hapana | Zvishoma | Hapana |
| Nzvimbo yekuona | 3.28m | Mutsetse wekuona | Zvinoenderana nepakati | Mutsetse wekuona |
| Kururama Kwekuisa Nzvimbo | ±3.375cm | ±50cm | ± 1m | ±30cm |
| Zvipingamupinyi zvezvakatipoteredza | Zvishoma | Inonzwa tembiricha | Zvinoda kunyarara | Zvinoda chiedza |
| Nguva Yekupindura | Nguva chaiyo | Masekondi | Maminitsi | Nguva chaiyo |
Kukosha kwehurongwa uhwu kunopfuura hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu kusvika pakugona kwahwo kushanda. Mudziyo wese une zvikamu zvitatu chete: FMCW radar module, compact computing unit, uye 12V lithium battery - zvese zviri pasi pe10kg kuti ikwanise kutakurwa ne single-operator. Dhizaini iyi yakareruka inokodzera nzvimbo yeIndonesia yekare uye mamiriro ezvivakwa akakuvara zvakakwana. Zvirongwa zvekubatanidza tekinoroji iyi nemadrone nemarobhoti zvichawedzera kusvika kwayo munzvimbo dzisingasvikike.
Kubva pamaonero evanhu, radar yekuona hupenyu inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kugona kweIndonesia kurwisa njodzi. Munguva yekudengenyeka kwenyika netsunami yePalu muna 2018, nzira dzechinyakare dzakaratidza kusashanda zvakanaka mumarara ekongiri, zvichikonzera kufa kwevanhu kwaigona kudzivirirwa. Kushandiswa kwakapararira kwetekinoroji iyi kunogona kuwedzera huwandu hwekuona vanopona ne30-50% munjodzi dzakafanana, zvichigona kuponesa mazana kana zviuru zvehupenyu. Sezvakasimbiswa naPurofesa Aloyius Adya Pramudita weTelkom University yeIndonesia, chinangwa chikuru chetekinoroji iyi chinoenderana zvakakwana nehurongwa hweNational Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) hwekuderedza njodzi: "kuderedza kurasikirwa nehupenyu uye kukurumidzisa kupora."
Kuedza kutengeserana kuri kuenderera mberi, vaongorori vachibatsirana nevanoshanda navo muindasitiri kushandura muenzaniso werabhoritari kuita michina yekununura yakasimba. Tichifunga nezvechiitiko chekudengenyeka kwenyika chinowanzoitika muIndonesia (chinosvika kudengenyeka kunopfuura 5,000 pagore), tekinoroji iyi inogona kuva michina yakajairika yeBNPB nemasangano enjodzi emunharaunda. Chikwata chekutsvagisa chinofungidzira kuti kushandiswa kwemidziyo munzvimbo idzi mukati memakore maviri, nemari yeyuniti inotarisirwa kudzikira kubva pamuenzaniso we $15,000 uripo kusvika pasi pe $5,000 pachiyero - zvichiita kuti ive nyore kushandiswa nehurumende dzemunharaunda mumatunhu makumi matatu nemana eIndonesia.
Zvikumbiro zveKutarisira Kufambisa Kwakangwara
Kuwanda kwemotokari muJakarta (iri pachinzvimbo chechinomwe chakaipisisa pasi rose) kwakakurudzira kushandiswa kweDoppler radar muhurongwa hwekufambisa hwakangwara. Chirongwa cheguta che "Smart City 4.0" chinosanganisira masensa eradar anopfuura 800 panzvimbo dzakakosha, zvichiita kuti:
- Kuderedzwa kwe30% mukuzara kwevanhu panguva yekumhanya zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekutonga kwechiratidzo chinochinjika
- Kuvandudzwa kweavhareji yekumhanya kwemotokari ne12% (kubva pa18 kusvika 20.2 km/awa)
- Kuderera kwemasekonzi makumi mana nemashanu kweavhareji yenguva yekumirira pamharadzano dzevatyairi vendege
Sisitimu iyi inoshandisa 24GHz Doppler radar inoshanda zvakanaka kana mvura yanaya (99% yekuona zvinhu nemazvo vs 85% yemakamera panguva yemvura zhinji) kuti iongorore kumhanya kwemotokari, huwandu hwevanhu, uye kureba kwemutsetse panguva chaiyo. Kubatanidzwa kwedata neJakarta's Traffic Management Center kunoita kuti pave nekuchinja kwechiratidzo chenguva dzose kwemaminitsi maviri kusvika mashanu zvichienderana nekufamba kwemotokari chaiyo pane nguva yakatarwa.
Chidzidzo Chenyaya: Kuvandudzwa Kwemugwagwa weGatot Subroto
- Masensa eradar makumi maviri nemasere akaiswa padaro remakiromita mana nehafu
- Zviratidzo zvinochinjika zvinoderedza nguva yekufamba kubva pamaminitsi makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika gumi nemasere
- Kuburitswa kweCO₂ kwakaderera nematani 1.2 pazuva
- 35% kutyorwa kwemutemo wemigwagwa kwakawanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa otomatiki mutemo
Kutarisa Mvura Kudzivirira Mafashamo
Masisitimu ekunyevera nezvemafashamo eIndonesia akabatanidza tekinoroji yeDoppler radar mumabheseni makuru gumi nemasere erwizi. Chirongwa chebheseni reRwizi rweCiliwung chinoratidza izvi:
- Zviteshi gumi nezviviri zveradar zvinoyera kumhanya kwepamusoro pemaminitsi mashanu ega ega
- Yakasanganiswa nemasensa emvura e ultrasonic ekuverenga kubuda kwemvura
- Data rinotumirwa kuburikidza neGSM/LoRaWAN kuenda kumamodeli ekufanotaura mafashamo epakati
- Nguva yekunyevera yakawedzerwa kubva pamaawa maviri kusvika matanhatu muGreater Jakarta
Kuyera kweradar kusabata mvura kunobatsira zvikuru panguva yemafashamo ane marara apo mita dzemagetsi dzechinyakare dzinokundikana. Kuisa pamabhiriji kunodzivirira njodzi mumvura ukuwo kuchipa nguva dzose kutarisa pasina kukanganiswa nekudonha kwemvura.
Kuchengetedza Masango neKudzivirirwa Kwemhuka Dzemusango
Munzvimbo yeLeuser Ecosystem yeSumatra (nzvimbo yekupedzisira yekugara kweorangutans yeSumatra), Doppler radar inobatsira mu:
- Kuongororwa kweKurwisa Kubiwa Kwemhuka
- Radar ye60GHz inoona kufamba kwevanhu kuburikidza nemashizha akaomarara
- Inosiyanisa mhuka dzinovhima mhuka ne92% chaiyo
- Inofukidza 5km radius payuniti (zvichienzaniswa ne500m yemakamera einfrared)
- Kutarisa Denga
- Radar yemafungu emamiriyoni inotarisa mapatani ekutenderera kwemiti
- Inoona zviitiko zvekuchera matanda zvisiri pamutemo munguva chaiyo
- Yakaderedza kutemwa kwemiti kusina mvumo ne43% munzvimbo dzekuedza
Simba shoma rinoshandiswa nesystem iyi (15W/sensor) rinobvumira kushanda nesimba rezuva munzvimbo dziri kure, richitumira zviziviso kuburikidza nesatellite kana uchiona zvinhu zvinofungirwa.
Matambudziko uye Nzira dzeRamangwana
Pasinei nemigumisiro yakanaka, kushandiswa kwakawanda kwechirongwa ichi kunosangana nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvekushandisa:
- Miganhu yeUnyanzvi
- Hunyoro hwakanyanya (>80% RH) hunogona kuderedza masaini efrequency akakwira
- Nzvimbo dzakamanikana dzemaguta dzinoita kuti nzira dzakawanda dzisashande zvakanaka
- Ruzivo rushoma rwehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa
- Zvinhu Zvehupfumi
- Mari yezvino ye sensor ($3,000-$8,000/yuniti) inokanganisa bhajeti remunharaunda
- Kuverengwa kweROI hakuna kunyatsojeka kune maguta asina mari yakawanda
- Kuvimba nevatengesi vekune dzimwe nyika kuti vawane zvinhu zvakakosha
- Zvipingamupinyi zveMasangano
- Kugovana data pakati pemakambani kuchiri dambudziko
- Kushaikwa kwemitemo yakajairika yekubatanidza data reradar
- Kunonoka kwemutemo mukugoverwa kwemaspectrum
Mhinduro dziri kubuda dzinosanganisira:
- Kugadzira masisitimu e77GHz anodzivirira hunyoro
- Kugadzira nzvimbo dzekuunganira dzemunharaunda kuti kuderedza mari
- Kugadzira mapurogiramu ehurumende ekupa ruzivo muindasitiri yedzidzo
- Kuisa zvirongwa zvekutanga zvishoma nezvishoma kutanga nenzvimbo dzine njodzi huru
Zvishandiso zveramangwana zviri kuuya zvinosanganisira:
- Nhare dzeradar dzinobva kuDrone dzekuongorora njodzi
- Masisitimu ekuona kudonha kwevhu otomatiki
- Kutarisa nzvimbo dzekubata hove nekuchenjera kudzivirira kubata hove zvakanyanya
- Kutevera kukanganiswa kwegungwa nerunyoro rwemafungu emamiriyoni
Nekudyara mari kwakakodzera uye rutsigiro rwemitemo, tekinoroji yeDoppler radar inogona kuva musimboti wekushanduka kwedhijitari muIndonesia, ichisimudzira kusimba kwenharaunda muzvitsuwa zvayo 17,000 uku ichigadzira mikana mitsva yemabasa epamusoro-soro munharaunda. Ruzivo rweIndonesia runoratidza kuti matekinoroji epamusoro-soro anogona kugadziriswa sei kuti agadzirise matambudziko akasiyana enyika dziri kusimukira kana akashandiswa nenzira dzakakodzera dzekugadzirisa nzvimbo.
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