Kushanda Kushandisa uye Kukanganisa Kwemvura Yegeji Munyika dzine Plum Rain Seasons

Hunhu hwePlum Rain Mwaka uye Kunoda Kuongorora Kunonaya

Mvura yepramu (Meiyu) chinhu chakasarudzika chekunaya kwemvura chakaumbwa panguva yekuenda kuchamhembe kweEast Asia zhizha monsoon, kunyanya inobata rwizi rweYangtze River, Japan's Honshu Island, uye South Korea. Zvinoenderana neyakajairwa yerudzi rweChina "Meiyu Monitoring Indicators" (GB/T 33671-2017), nzvimbo dzeChina dzemvura inonaya dzinogona kukamurwa kuita matunhu matatu: Jiangnan (I), Middle-Lower Yangtze (II), uye Jianghuai (III), imwe neimwe iine misi yakasiyana-siyana yekutanga-Jiangnan nharaunda paavhareji yemwaka weChikumi-Chikumi pekutanga. Yangtze musi waChikumi 14, uye Jianghuai musi waChikumi 23. Kusiyana kwenzvimbo iyi kunoita kuti pave nekudiwa kwekutarisa kwakawanda, kunoenderera mberi kwekunaya kwemvura, zvichipa mikana yakafara yekushandiswa kwemageji emvura.

Mwaka wemvura wa2025 plum wakaratidza mafambiro ekutanga-nzvimbo dzeJiangnan neMiddle-Lower Yangtze dzakapinda muMeiyu musi waChikumi 7 (mazuva 2-7 zvisati zvamboitika), nepo Jianghuai dunhu rakatanga musi waChikumi 19 (mazuva mana kutanga). Kusvika kwekutanga uku kwakawedzera kukurumidza kudzivirira mafashama. Kunaya kwemvura yePlum kunoratidza kureba kwenguva, kuwanda kwepamusoro, uye kuvharika kwakafara — semuenzaniso, kunaya kwemvura kuYangtze muna 2024s kwakapfuura maavhareji enhoroondo nepamusoro pe50%, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine “mhirizhonga Meiyu” zvichikonzera mafashamo akanyanya. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kunyatsoongorora kunaya kwemvura kunove musimboti wekuita sarudzo yekudzora mafashamu.

Maonero emvura echinyakare nemanyorerwo emvura ane zvipingamupinyi zvakakura: kuderera kwekuyera kuwanda (kazhinji ka1-2 zuva nezuva), kunonoka kutapurirana data, uye kusakwanisa kubata mvura inonaya kwenguva pfupi. Mazuva ano otomatiki majeji emvura anoshandisa tipping-bucket kana kuyera misimboti inogonesa miniti-ne-miniti kana kunyange yechipiri-ne-sekondi yekutarisa, ine isina waya chaiyo-nguva yekufambisa data inonatsiridza zvakanyanya kurongeka uye kurongeka. Semuyenzaniso, iyo tipping-bucket rain gauge system paYongkang's Sanduxi Reservoir muZhejiang inoisa zvakananga data kumapurovhinzi ehydrological mapuratifomu, ichiwana "yakanaka uye inoshanda" kutarisa kwekunaya kwemvura.

Matambudziko akakosha ehunyanzvi anosanganisira: kuchengetedza chokwadi panguva yekunaya kwemvura zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, 660mm mumazuva matatu kuHubei's Taiping Town muna 2025—1/3 yekunaya kwepagore); kuvimbika kwemidziyo munzvimbo dzine hunyoro; uye mumiriri chiteshi kuiswa munzvimbo yakaoma. Mageji emvura emazuva ano anogadzirisa izvi nesimbi-yesimbi inodzivirira kuora, dual tipping-bucket redundancy, uye simba rezuva. IoT-inogonesa dense network senge Zhejiang's "Digital Levee" system inogadziridza data rekunaya kwemvura maminetsi mashanu kubva pazviteshi gumi nembiri.

Zvinonyanya kukosha, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iri kuwedzera kunyanyisa kweMeiyu — kunaya kweMeiyu muna 2020 kwaive ne120% pamusoro peavhareji (yakanyanya kubva 1961), ichida mageji emvura ane zviyero zvakakura, kusamira, uye kutapurirana kwakavimbika. Meiyu data inotsigirawo tsvakiridzo yemamiriro ekunze, ichizivisa nzira dzenguva refu dzekugadzirisa.

Innovative Applications muChina

China yakagadzira akazara masisitimu ekutarisa kunaya kwemvura kubva pachinyakare manyorerwo ekutarisa kune yakangwara IoT mhinduro, ine majeji emvura anoshanduka kuita akakosha manodhi ehungwaru hydrological network.

Digital Flood Control Networks

Xiuzhou District's "Digital Levee" system inoenzanisira mashandisirwo azvino. Kubatanidza mageji emvura nemamwe ma hydrological sensors, inorodha data yega yega maminetsi mashanu kune manejimendi chikuva. "Kare, takayera mvura nemaoko tichishandisa masilinda akapedza kudzidza-asina kunyatsoshanda uye ane njodzi usiku." Ikozvino, nharembozha dzinopa data chaiyo-nguva-yakafara," akadaro Jiang Jianming, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weWangdian Town's Agricultural Office. Izvi zvinobvumira vashandi kuti vatarise matanho ekutanga sekuongorora dike, kuvandudza mafashama emhinduro nepamusoro pe50%.

KuGuta reTongxiang, iyo "Smart Waterlogging Control" system inosanganisa data kubva kumakumi matatu nemana telemetry zviteshi neAI-inogonesa 72-awa yemvura yekufanotaura. Mumwaka wa2024's Meiyu, yakapa mishumo makumi maviri nenhatu yekunaya kwemvura, yambiro shanu dzemafashamo, uye ziviso mbiri dzekuyerera kwepamusoro, zvichiratidza basa rakakosha rehydrology se "maziso nenzeve" zvekudzora mafashamo. Minute-level rain gauge data inoenderana neradar/satellite yakatarisa, ichigadzira multidimensional monitoring framework.

Reservoir uye Agricultural Applications

Mukutonga zviwanikwa zvemvura, Yongkang's Sanduxi Reservoir inoshandisa otomatiki geji pamapazi masere e canal padivi pezviyero zvemanyorero kuti zviwedzere kudiridza. "Kubatanidza nzira kunogonesa kugovaniswa kwemvura uku uchivandudza otomatiki," akatsanangura maneja Lou Qinghua. Data yekunaya inozivisa zvakananga kuronga kudiridza uye kugovera mvura.

Mukutanga kweMeiyu muna 2025, Hubei's Water Sciences Institute yakashandisa chaiyo-nguva yekufembera mafashamo inobatanidza 24/72-awa yekufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze nedata redhamu. Kuchinga makumi maviri nematanhatu ekuenzanisa uye kutsigira misangano yechimbichimbi mishanu, kuvimbika kwehurongwa kunotsamira pachiyero chemvura inonaya.

Tekinoroji Kufambira mberi

Mazuva ano majeji emvura anosanganisira akati wandei akakosha magadzirirwo:

1. Hybrid Measurement: Kubatanidza tipping-bucket uye huremu misimboti kuchengetedza kurongeka mukati mesimba (0.1-300mm/h), kugadzirisa kunaya kwemvura kwaMeiyu.
2. Self-Cleaning Designs: Ultrasonic sensors uye hydrophobic coatings inodzivirira marara kuunganidza-yakakosha panguva inorema Meiyu inonaya. YeJapan Oki Electric inoshuma 90% kuderedzwa kwekugadzirisa nemaitiro akadaro.
3. Edge Computing: Pa-mudziyo data kugadzirisa mafirita ruzha uye inotaridza zviitiko zvakanyanyisa munharaunda, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kunyangwe nekukanganiswa kwetiweki.
4. Multi-Parameter Kubatanidzwa: Zviteshi zveSouth Korea zvakaumbwa zvinoyera kunaya kwemvura padivi pehunyoro/tembiricha, zvichivandudza fungidziro yeMeiyu ine chekuita nekudonha.

Matambudziko uye Nhungamiro Yeramangwana

Pasinei nekufambira mberi, miganhu inoramba iripo:

• Zvakanyanya Mamiriro: 2024's "Meiyu ine chisimba" muAnhui yakaremedza mamwe geji '300mm/h kugona
• Kubatanidzwa kweData: Disparate masisitimu anotadzisa kufanotaura kwemafashama munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana
• Rural Coverage: Nzvimbo dziri kure dzine makomo hadzina nzvimbo dzokuongorora dzakakwana

Mhinduro dzinobuda dzinosanganisira:

1. Drone-Deployed Mobile Gauges: China yeMWR yakaedza maUAV-akatakurwa geji kuti aendeswe nekukurumidza panguva yemafashama a2025.
2. Blockchain Verification: Pilot mapurojekiti muZhejiang anovimbisa kusachinjika kwedata kune zvakakosha sarudzo
3. AI-Powered Forecasting: Modhi itsva yeShanghai inoderedza maaramu enhema ne40% kuburikidza nekudzidza muchina.

Nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuwedzera kusiyanisa kweMeiyu, zera rinotevera geji rinoda:

• Kuwedzerwa kusimba (IP68 kudzivirira mvura, -30°C~70°C kushanda)
• Kuyera kuyerwa kwakakura (0~500mm/h)
• Yakasimba kusanganisa neIoT/5G network

Sokucherekedza kunoita Mutungamiriri Jiang: “Zvakatanga seyero yakapfava yokunaya kwemvura yazova hwaro hwokutonga kwemvura noungwaru.” Kubva pakudzora mafashama kusvika kutsvakiridzo yemamiriro ekunze, zviyero zvekunaya kwemvura zvinoramba zvichiri maturusi ekusimba munzvimbo dzinonaya mvura.

Ndapota Bata Honde Technology Co., LTD.

Email: info@hondetech.com

Webhusaiti yekambani:www.hondetechco.com

Tel: +86-15210548582