Mashandisirwo Anoshanda uye Migumisiro yeMasisitimu Ekuchenesa Mvura Yemhando Yepamusoro muVietnam

Matambudziko Ekutarisa Hunhu Hwemvura muVietnam uye Kuunzwa Kwemasisitimu Ekuzvichenesa Emvura

Senyika ine mvura yakawanda yeSoutheast Asia ine 3,260 km yemahombekombe uye nzizi dzakawanda, Vietnam inotarisana nematambudziko akasiyana ekutarisa hunhu hwemvura. Masisitimu ekare emabhawa munzvimbo dzinopisa dzeVietnam dzine tembiricha yakakwira, hunyoro, uye biofouling yakanyanya anowanzo kusangana nekusvibiswa kwema sensor uye data drift, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kurongeka kwekutarisa. MuMekong Delta, zvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa zvakanyanya uye organic content zvinoda kugadziriswa nemaoko mavhiki ese maviri kusvika matatu emabhawa echinyakare, zvichikonzera mari yakawanda yekushanda uye data risingaperi risingavimbike.

Kuti vagadzirise izvi, vakuru vezviwanikwa zvemvura muVietnam vakaunza masisitimu ekuzvichenesa ega muna 2023, vachibatanidza kuchenesa kwemabhurashi emuchina uye tekinoroji ye ultrasonic kuti vabvise biofilm nemadhaka kubva panzvimbo dzinoona otomatiki. Data kubva kuHo Chi Minh City Water Resources Department inoratidza kuti masisitimu aya akawedzera nguva dzekugadzirisa kubva pamazuva 15-20 kusvika pamazuva 90-120 ukuwo vachivandudza kushanda kwedata kubva pa <60% kusvika >95%, zvichideredza mari yekushanda neinenge 65%. Kubudirira uku kunopa rutsigiro rwakakosha rwetekinoroji mukuvandudza network yekutarisa hunhu hwemvura yenyika yeVietnam.

Nheyo dzeUnyanzvi uye Dhizaini Itsva yeMasisitimu Ekuzvichenesa

Masisitimu ekuchenesa mabhuya eVietnam anoshandisa tekinoroji yekuchenesa ine nzira dzakawanda ichibatanidza nzira nhatu dzinoenderana:

1. Kuchenesa mabhurashi emuchina anotenderera: Kunoshanda maawa matanhatu ega ega uchishandisa silicone bristles yemhando yepamusoro yechikafu zvakanangana nekusvibisa algae pamahwindo echiedza;
2. Kuchenesa cavitation ye ultrasonic: Ultrasound yepamusoro-frequency (40kHz) inokonzereswa kaviri pazuva inobvisa biofilm yakaoma kuburikidza nekuputika kwemabubbles madiki;
3. Kuvhara kwemakemikari: Kuvhara kwe titanium dioxide ne photocatalytic nano-scale kunoramba kuchidzikisa kukura kwehutachiona pasi pezuva.

Dhizaini iyi yekudzivirira katatu inoita kuti mvura ishande zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeVietnam - kubva kunzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda muRwizi Rutsvuku kusvika kunzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda muMekong. Hunhu hukuru hwehurongwa uhwu huri mukuzvigadzirira kwayo simba kuburikidza nesimba rayo rehybrid (120W solar panels + 50W hydro generator), kuchengetedza mashandiro ekuchenesa kunyangwe munguva yekunaya kwezuva shoma.

Nyaya yekuratidzira muMekong Delta

Senzvimbo inonyanya kukosha mukurima nekurima mvura muVietnam, hunhu hwemvura muMekong Delta hunokanganisa zvakananga vagari vemo mamiriyoni makumi maviri nehupfumi hwenzvimbo. Munguva ya2023-2024, Ministry of Water Resources yeVietnam yakaisa masisitimu makumi maviri nemasere ekuzvichenesa pano, zvichigadzira network yekuzivisa hunhu hwemvura panguva chaiyo ine mhedzisiro inoshamisa.

Kuiswa kweCan Tho City kwakaratidza kuti kwakanyatsojeka. Yakaiswa paMekong mainstem, sisitimu iyi inotarisa okisijeni yakanyungudika (DO), pH, turbidity, conductivity, chlorophyll-a nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha. Ruzivo rwekuburitswa kwedata rwakaratidza kuti kuchenesa otomatiki kunochengetedza kushanda kwakasimba nguva dzose:

• Kuyerera kwesensa yeDO kwakaderera kubva pa0.8 mg/L/mwedzi kusvika pa0.1 mg/L;
• kugadzikana kwekuverenga pH kwakavandudzika ne40%;
• Kukanganiswa kwe optical turbidimeter biofouling kwakadzikira ne90%.

Muna Kurume 2024, sisitimu iyi yakabudirira kuzivisa vakuru nezvechiitiko chekubuda kwemvura yakasviba mumaindasitiri kuburikidza nekuona kudonha kwepH (7.2→5.8) uye kudonha kweDO (6.4→2.1 mg/L). Masangano ezvakatipoteredza akawana uye akagadzirisa dambudziko racho mukati memaawa maviri, zvichidzivirira kuurayiwa kwehove dzakawanda. Nyaya iyi inoratidza kukosha kwesisitimu iyi mukuona kuti data rinoramba richienderera mberi uye kugona kwayo kupindura panjodzi.

Matambudziko Ekuita Basa uye Maonero Eramangwana

Pasinei nekushanda zvakanaka kwazvo, kubvumidzwa kwechirongwa ichi munyika yese kunosangana nematambudziko akawanda:

• Mari yekutanga yakakura: 150-200 miriyoni VND (6,400-8,500 USD) pahurongwa hwega hwega - mitengo yemhando yepamusoro katatu-kana ye "buoy";
• Zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa: Vashandi vemumunda vanoda hunyanzvi hutsva hwekugadzirisa masisitimu uye kuongorora data;
• Zvipingamupinyi zvekugadzirisa: Zvinoda kugadziriswa kwedhizaini kuti pave nedutu rakawanda (NTU>1000 panguva yemafashamo) kana mafungu akasimba.

Budiriro yeramangwana ichatarisa pane:

1. Kugadzirwa kwemuno: Makambani ekuVietnam achishanda pamwe chete nevadyidzani vekuJapan/Korea vane chinangwa chekuwana >50% yezvinhu zvemuno mukati memakore matatu, zvichideredza mitengo ne30%+;
2. Kuvandudzwa kwakangwara: Kubatanidza makamera eAI kuti vaone mhando dzehutachiona uye kugadzirisa nzira dzekuchenesa (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kuwanda panguva yemaruva emuroyi);
3. Kugadzirisa simba: Kugadzira michina yekuunganidza simba inoshanda zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, kudedera kunokonzerwa nekuyerera kwesimba) kuderedza kushandiswa kwezuva;
4. Kusanganiswa kwedata: Kubatanidzwa nekutarisa kwesatellite/drone kuti pave nekutarisa kwakabatana kwehunhu hwemvura "mudenga-mumhepo-pasi".

Bazi rezveMvura reVietnam rinotarisira kuti mabhuoy anozvichenesa ega achange achishanda 60% yenzvimbo dzekutarisa nyika panosvika gore ra2026, zvichigadzira zvivakwa zvikuru zvehurongwa hwekunyevera mvura nekukurumidza. Maitiro aya haangowedzere kugona kweVietnam kutonga mvura chete asiwo anopa mhinduro dzinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevagari vekuSoutheast Asia vari kusangana nematambudziko akafanana. Nekuvandudza hungwaru uye kudzikira kwemitengo, mashandisirwo anogona kuwedzera kusvika pakuchengetwa kwemvura, kutarisa tsvina yemumaindasitiri nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekutengeserana, zvichigadzira kukosha kukuru kwehupfumi.

Tinogonawo kupa mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dze

1. Mita inobatwa nemaoko yemhando yemvura ine maparameter akawanda

2. Sisitimu yeFloating Buoy yemhando yemvura ine maparameter akawanda

3. Bhurashi rekuchenesa otomatiki re sensor yemvura ine ma parameter akawanda

4. Seti yakakwana yemaseva nesoftware isina waya module, inotsigira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve sensor yemvura,

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