Zvinonzwa ivhu ndeimwe yemhinduro dzakaratidza kukosha kwadzo pazviyero zvidiki uye dzinogona kuva dzinokosha pakurima.
Chii Chinonzi MaSensor Evhu?
Masensa anoteedzera mamiriro evhu, zvichigonesa kuunganidzwa uye kuongororwa kwedata panguva chaiyo. Masensa anogona kuteedza chero hunhu hwevhu, senge DNA yetupukanana tunogara, kuti tifambise chiyero kuenda kune tupukanana tune hutano muvhu, kuwedzera goho, uye kudzikira kwekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzemasensa mukurima dzinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai semagetsi uye kuyera kuratidzwa kwemafungu echiedza, kuti dzione hunhu hwemunda hunokosha hunogona kushandura mashandiro ekurima.
Mhando dzeSensors dzeIvhu
Zvinoongorora ivhu zvinogona kuyera hunhu hwevhu hwakadai sehunyoro, tembiricha, pH, munyu, hunyoro, mwaranzi yephotosynthetic, uye kuenzana kwezvinovaka muviri.—kunyanya nitrogen, phosphorus, uye potassium (NPK).
Pamusoro pekubatsira kwavo mukutarisira zvirimwa, zvakaita semhando yepamusoro yezviyo uye kudzikira kwekudya kunovaka muviri, masensa evhu anogona kuzivisa mafambiro emvura, kugadzikana kwevhu, uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinosanganisira kuronga nguva yekudiridza, kuongororwa kwenzvimbo dzemvura, kuongorora nharaunda yezvipembenene, uye kudzivirira zvirwere zvezvirimwa.
Mabhenefiti Ekushandisa MaSensor Evhu
Kutevera mamiriro evhu kunopa mabhenefiti akawanda kuvarimi nevarimi veminda, kusanganisira kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa. IoT, masevhisi egore, uye kubatanidzwa kweAI zvinobvumira varimi kuita sarudzo dzinotungamirirwa nedata.
Zvinonzwa zvinovandudza kushandiswa kwefetereza, zvinochengetedza zvirimwa zvine hutano, zvinowedzera zviwanikwa, uye zvinoderedza mvura inoyerera uye gasi rinoparadza nharaunda. Kugara uchitarisa kunodzivirirawo matambudziko, akadai sekupararira kwezvirwere kana kusimba kwevhu.
Kutarisa mamiriro evhu uchishandisa masensa evhu kunogonawo kugadzirisa mashandisirwo efotereza nemvura.'Zvinofungidzirwa kuti inenge 30% yefetereza yenitrate inoshandiswa muUS inosuka mvura nekusvibisa matsime emvura. Kunyangwe masisitimu ekudiridza ane hunyanzvi anogona kusvika 50% yekurasa mvura, uye kurima ndiko kunokonzera 70% yekushandiswa kwemvura yakachena pasi rose. Kukwanisa kuzadza hunyoro hwevhu zvinobudirira uye zvinobudirira kunogona kukanganisa zvikuru.
Kuisa neKugadzirisa MaSensor Evhu
Sensor yega yega ine gwara rayo rekuisa, asi kuisa kunowanzo da kuchera gomba kana mugero mukati memutsara wezvirimwa uye kuisa masensor pakadzika kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira pedyo nemidzi yemiti.
Panzvimbo yakakura, nzira dzakanakisisa dzinoraira kuti paiswe nzvimbo dzinoratidza nzvimbo yasara yemunda kana rudzi rwevhu rinofanira kutarisirwa, pedyo nemidziyo inoburitsa mvura, uye panosangana ivhu zvakananga (kureva, pasina pombi dzemhepo). Nzvimbo dzinoona dzinofanirawo kuiswa chiratidzo kana kuiswa chiratidzo pamusoro kuti dzisakuvara netsaona.
Pamusoro pekuiswa zvakanaka, kuyera sensor kwakakosha. Ma sensor evhu anonyoresa data rehunyoro hwevhu seVolumetric Water Content (VWC), uye mhando yega yega yevhu ine VWC yayo. Ma sensor ehunyoro hwevhu anowanzova nekunzwa kwakasiyana, uye angangoda kuyera imwe neimwe.
Kugadzirisa matambudziko
Kukundikana kwemidziyo kunogona kuitika nekuda kwematambudziko emagetsi, kukanganiswa nemhuka dzesango, kana waya dzisina kubatana. Mhepo chero ipi zvayo inodonhedza mu tensiometer ichaita kuti isavimbike. Kuva nechokwadi chekudzika kwakakodzera kwekuisa uye nzira dzekudzivirira mvura zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira matambudziko mune ramangwana.
Maitiro akajairika ekugadzirisa matambudziko anosanganisira:
Kutarisa magetsi nemagetsi
Kuchenesa masensa pasina kushandisa makemikari
Kuita kugadzirisa nguva dzose kuti zvikamu zvakakuvara zvitsiviwe zvichienderana nemugadziri'gwara rekugadzirisa
Kutarisa Hutano hweIvhu
Ma sensor evhu anopa nzira yakarurama uye iri nyore yekuongorora hutano hwevhu. Kuongororwa kwevhu kwakajairika kwakafanana ne biopsy, iyo inogona kutora mavhiki kana mwedzi, zvichienderana nehunhu hwevhu.
Kuyerwa kwemasensa kunokurumidza zvikuru, kunotora awa imwe kana maviri pamaeka makumi mashanu. Masensa aya anoratidza zvese zvinodiwa kuti zvirimwa zvitarisirwe zvakanaka, kusanganisira huwandu hwemvura, kumanikidzwa kwemvura, uye kuvapo kwezvinhu zvipenyu.—chiratidzo chikuru chehutano hwevhu rose—pasina chikonzero chekubvisa ivhu nemazvo.
Kubatanidzwa neMasisitimu Ekutarisira Mapurazi
Sekureva kwemushumo weStartUS Insights, masensa evhu ndiyo tekinoroji inonyanya kushanda pakuongorora ivhu nekuda kwekukwanisa kukura kwayo, kushanda kwayo zvakanaka, uye kushanda kwayo. Kusanganisa masensa evhu nedzimwe tekinoroji dziri kukura dzekurima, dzinosanganisira mapping evhu anoshandisa AI, kufungidzira kwemhepo, marobhoti ekuongorora ivhu otomatiki, ma tracker emhepo inobuda, augmented reality soil analysis, nanotechnology, uye blockchain integration, zvinogona kuvandudza manejimendi yepurazi.
Matambudziko neMhinduro muTekinoroji yeSensor yeIvhu
Zvichibva pamushumo weYunivhesiti yeNebraska wegore ra2020, 12% chete yemapurazi ekuUS anoshandisa masensa ekunyorovesa ivhu kuti aone nguva yekudiridza. Masensa evhu ave kushanda zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kukuru mukusvikika, nyore kushandisa, uye kugona kugadzirisa data nekuriratidza, asi kufambira mberi kwakawanda kunodiwa.
Ma sensor evhu anofanira kunge achidhura zvishoma uye achikwanisa kushandiswa pasi rose. Kune marudzi akawanda ema sensor, zvichikonzera kusaenderana uye kusaenderana.
Matekinoroji mazhinji aripo anovimba nemasensa ega ega, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti kugadzirisa zvinhu kuve kwakaoma. Kufambira mberi mutekinoroji yemasensa, senge ayo akagadzirwa neUC Berkeley, kunoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa masensa kuti ape kutarisa data mhenyu uye kukurudzira kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza muminda nemisika.
Zvidzidzo zveNyaya: Kubudirira Kuitwa kweMasensa Evhu
MaSensor eIvhu Anobatsira Varimi Kuchengetedza Mvura Nemari
Ongororo yeClemson University yakawana kuti masensa ehunyoro hwevhu anogona kuwedzera varimi'avhareji yemari inowanikwa ne20% kuburikidza nekuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekudiridza muminda yakaedzwa yairimwa nzungu, soyabhinzi, kana donje.
Minda Yemitambo Inogarika
Nzvimbo dzemitambo dziri kushandisawo masensa evhu. Nhandare yeWembley neCitizens Bank Park (musha wePhiladelphia Phillies) dziri pakati penzvimbo dzemitambo dzinoshandisa masensa evhu kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekutambira dzakasvibira uku dzichishandisa mvura nesimba zvakanyanya, sekureva kwemugadziri wezvisensa zvevhu weSoil Scout.
Mafambiro Emangwana MuTekinoroji Yekunzwa Kwevhu
Mafambiro ari kuenderera mberi anosanganisira nanotechnology, ine nano-particles dzakavakirwa pagoridhe kana sirivha dzinowedzera kunzwa kwe sensor yekuona kusvibiswa kwevhu senge simbi dzinorema.
Masensa akafukidzwa ne nano-compounds anogona kuteedzera hunhu hwevhu uye oburitsa zvinovaka muviri, zvakaita se oxygen, zvichienderana nekuchinja kwehunhu hwevhu. Vamwe vanoverenga zviratidzo zve bioindicators, zvakaita sehuwandu hwemakonye earthworms, kana kuti microorganism diversity, kuburikidza neDNA analysis, kuti vawedzere microbiome yevhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-09-2024