Zvinoona ivhu zvinobatsira varimi kuongorora mamiriro ekurima akadai sekuwanikwa kwemvura nezvinovaka muviri, pH yevhu, tembiricha uye topography

Madomasi (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ndeimwe yezvirimwa zvinokosha pamusika wepasi rose uye inonyanya kurimwa pasi pekudiridza. Kurimwa kwedomasi kunowanzo kanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka akadai semamiriro ekunze, ivhu uye mvura. Matekinoroji ekuona akagadziriswa uye akaiswa pasi rese kubatsira varimi kuongorora mamiriro ekurima akadai sekuwanikwa kwemvura nezvinovaka muviri, pH yevhu, tembiricha uye topology.
Zvinhu zvine chekuita nekusabereka zvakanaka kwematomatisi. Kudiwa kwematomatisi kwakakwira mumisika yekudya kutsva uye mumisika yekugadzira maindasitiri. Goho diki rematomatisi rinoonekwa muzvikamu zvakawanda zvekurima, zvakaita seIndonesia, iyo inonyanya kutevedzera masisitimu ekurima echinyakare. Kuunzwa kwetekinoroji dzakadai seInternet of Things (IoT)-based applications uye sensors kwakawedzera zvakanyanya goho rezvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira matomatisi.
Kusashandisa masensa akasiyana-siyana uye emazuva ano nekuda kwekusawana ruzivo rwakakwana kunotungamirawo mukushaya goho rakawanda mukurima. Kutarisira mvura nekuchenjera kunoita basa guru mukudzivirira kutadza kwezvirimwa, kunyanya muminda yemadomasi.
Hunyoro hwevhu chimwe chinhu chinosarudza goho remadomasi sezvo huchikosha pakufambisa zvinovaka muviri nezvimwe zvinhu kubva muvhu kuenda kuchirimwa. Kuchengetedza tembiricha yechirimwa kwakakosha sezvo kunokanganisa kuibva kwemashizha nemichero.
Hunyoro hwakanyanya hwevhu hwezvirimwa zvematomatisi huri pakati pe60% ne80%. Tembiricha yakakodzera kuti madomasi apinzwe zvakanaka iri pakati pe24 kusvika 28 degrees Celsius. Pamusoro petembiricha iyi, kukura kwezvirimwa, kukura kwemaruva nemichero hazvina kunaka. Kana mamiriro evhu netembiricha zvichichinja-chinja zvakanyanya, kukura kwezvirimwa kunonoka uye kunonoka uye madomasi achaibva zvisina kuenzana.
Masensa anoshandiswa mukurima madomasi. Matekinoroji akati wandei akagadzirwa ekutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura nemazvo, akavakirwa pahunyanzvi hwekuona mvura iri pedyo nepedyo. Kuti vaone huwandu hwemvura mumiti, masensa anoshandiswa anoongorora mamiriro emuviri wemiti nenzvimbo yayakapoteredza. Semuenzaniso, masensa akavakirwa pamwaranzi yeterahertz pamwe nekuyera hunyoro anogona kuona huwandu hwekumanikidzwa pabanga.
Masensa anoshandiswa kuona huwandu hwemvura mumiti akavakirwa pamidziyo yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira electrical impedance spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), ultrasonic technology, uye leaf clamp technology. Masensa emvura yevhu nemasensa ekufambisa mvura anoshandiswa kuona chimiro chevhu, munyu uye kufambisa mvura.
Kunzwa hunyoro hwevhu nekupisa, pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekudiridza otomatiki. Kuti uwane goho rakanaka, matomatisi anoda hurongwa hwakakodzera hwekudiridza. Kushomeka kwemvura kuri kukura kunotyisidzira kugadzirwa kwekurima uye kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu. Kushandisa ma sensor anoshanda zvakanaka kunogona kuona kushandiswa kwemvura zvakanaka uye kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa.
Masensa ehunyoro hwevhu anofungidzira hunyoro hwevhu. Masensa ehunyoro hwevhu achangobva kugadzirwa anosanganisira maplate maviri ekufambisa mvura. Kana maplate aya akaiswa pane imwe nzira yekufambisa mvura (yakadai semvura), maerekitironi anobva muanode anotama achienda ku cathode. Kufamba uku kwemaerekitironi kuchagadzira magetsi, ayo anogona kuonekwa uchishandisa voltmeter. Sensa iyi inoona kuvapo kwemvura muvhu.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, masensa evhu anosanganiswa nemathermistors anogona kuyera tembiricha nehunyoro. Data rinobva kumasensa aya rinogadziriswa uye rinoburitsa mutsetse mumwe chete, nzira mbiri dzinobuda dzinotumirwa kusystem yekuchenesa otomatiki. Kana data retembiricha nehunyoro rasvika pamiganho yakati, switch yepombi yemvura inongoerekana yavhurwa kana kudzima.
Bioristor inyanzvi ye bioelectronic sensor. Bioelectronics inoshandiswa kudzora mashandiro emuviri wezvirimwa uye hunhu hwazvo hwe morphological. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, sensor in vivo yakavakirwa pa organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), inowanzonzi bioresistor, yakagadzirwa. Iyo sensor yakashandiswa mukurima madomasi kuongorora shanduko mukugadzirwa kwemuto wezvirimwa unoyerera mu xylem ne phloem yezvirimwa zvematomatisi zviri kukura. Iyo sensor inoshanda panguva chaiyo mukati memuviri pasina kukanganisa mashandiro echirimwa.
Sezvo mushonga we bioresistor uchigona kuiswa zvakananga mudzinde remiti, unobvumira mukuona mashandiro emuviri ane chekuita nekufamba kwemaion mumiti mumamiriro ekumanikidzwa akadai sekusanaya kwemvura, munyu, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo isina kukwana uye hunyoro hwakawanda. Biostor inoshandiswawo pakuona hutachiona uye kudzora zvipembenene. Sensor iyi inoshandiswawo kutarisa mamiriro emvura emiti.