1. Tsanangudzo yehunyanzvi uye mabasa makuru
Soil Sensor chishandiso chakangwara chinotarisa nharaunda yevhu panguva chaiyo kuburikidza nenzira dzemuviri kana dzemakemikari. Zviyero zvayo zvekutarisa zvinosanganisira:
Kutarisa mvura: Kuwanda kwemvura (VWC), kugona kwe matrix (kPa)
Hunhu hwemuviri nemakemikari: Kufambiswa kwemagetsi (EC), pH, kugona kweREDOX (ORP)
Kuongororwa kwezvinovaka muviri: Zviri muNitrogen, phosphorus uye potassium (NPK), huwandu hwezvinhu zvipenyu
Zviyero zveThermodynamic: chimiro chekupisa kwevhu (kuyera 0-100cm gradient)
Zviratidzo zvehupenyu: Basa rema microbial (CO₂ kufema kwemhepo)
Chechipiri, ongororo ye tekinoroji yekuziva zvakanyanya
Chinzwa chehunyoro
TDR type (time domain reflectometry): electromagnetic wave propagation time measurement (kunyatsorurama ±1%, range 0-100%)
Rudzi rweFDR (kuratidzwa kwenzvimbo yefrequency): Kuonekwa kwemvumo yecapacitor (mutengo wakaderera, inoda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva)
Chinoongorora manyuturoni: Huwandu hwemanyuturoni hwakaderedzwa nehydrogen (kunyatsorurama kwegiredhi remurabhoritari, mvumo yemwaranzi inodiwa)
Chiyero checomposite che multi-parameter
Sensor ye5-in-1: Hunyoro +EC+ tembiricha +pH+ Nitrogen (dziviriro yeIP68, kuramba ngura yesaline-alkali)
Sensor yeSpectroscopic: Kuona zvinhu zvipenyu zviri pedyo neinfrared (NIR) munzvimbo yacho (muganho wekuona 0.5%)
Kubudirira kutsva kwetekinoroji
Electrode yeCarbon nanotube: EC measurement resolution inosvika 1μS/cm
Chip ye microfluidic: masekondi makumi matatu kuti ipedzise kukurumidza kuona nitrate nitrogen
Chechitatu, mamiriro ekushandiswa kweindasitiri uye kukosha kwedata
1. Kutarisira kurima kwakangwara nemazvo (Munda wechibage muIowa, USA)
Chirongwa chekupa vanhu basa:
Nzvimbo imwe chete yekutarisa mamiriro enzvimbo iri pamahekita gumi (20/50/100cm ine nhanho nhatu)
Networking isina waya (LoRaWAN, daro rekutumira 3km)
Sarudzo ine hungwaru:
Chinokonzeresa kudiridza: Tanga kudiridza nemadonhwe kana VWC iri pasi pe18% pakadzika kwe40cm
Kuberekesa kunochinja-chinja: Kugadziriswa kwekushandiswa kwenitrogen zvinoenderana nemusiyano weEC we±20%
Ruzivo rwekubatsira:
Kuchengetedza mvura ne28%, mwero wekushandiswa kwenitrogen wakawedzera ne35%
Kuwedzera kwematani 0.8 echibage pahekita
2. Kutarisa kudzora kushanduka kwegwenga (Sahara Fringe Ecological Restoration Project)
Rudzi rwezvinzwa:
Kutarisa tafura yemvura (piezoresistive, 0-10MPa range)
Kutevera munyu pamberi (kuongorora kweEC kwakakwira uye kwakadzika ne 1mm electrode spacing)
Muenzaniso wekunyevera kwekutanga:
Nhamba yekukura kwegwenga =0.4×(EC>4dS/m)+0.3×(zvinhu zvipenyu <0.6%)+0.3×(mvura <5%)
Mhedzisiro yekutonga:
Kufukidzwa kwemiriwo kwakawedzera kubva pa12% kusvika pa37%
Kuderedzwa kwemunyu pamusoro ne62%
3. Yambiro yenjodzi dzemuchadenga (Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan Lands Monitoring Network)
Sisitimu yekutarisa:
Mukati memugwagwa: sensor yekumanikidzwa kwemvura ine pore (nzvimbo iri pakati pe0-200kPa)
Kutamiswa kwenzvimbo: MEMS dipmeter (resolution 0.001°)
Nzira yekunyevera yekutanga:
Mvura inonaya zvakanyanya: ivhu rakawanda >85% uye mvura inonaya paawa >30mm
Mwero wekutama: maawa matatu akatevedzana >5mm/h trigger red alarm
Mhedzisiro yekushandiswa:
Kudonha kwevhu katatu kwakabudirira muna 2021
Nguva yekupindura nekukurumidza yaderedzwa kusvika pamaminitsi gumi nemashanu
4. Kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa (Kurapwa kwesimbi dzinorema muRuhr Industrial Zone, Germany)
Chirongwa chekuona chirwere:
Sensor yeXRF Fluorescence: Lead/cadmium/Arsenic in situ detection (ppm accuracy)
REDOX potential chain: Kutarisa maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvipenyu
Kudzora kwakangwara:
Kugadziriswa kwemakemikari mumuviri kunoitwa kana huwandu hwearsenic huchidonha pasi pe50ppm
Kana mukana wekushandisa uri >200mV, jekiseni remupi wemaerekitironi rinokurudzira kuora kwehutachiona.
Ruzivo rwehutungamiriri:
Kusvibiswa kwemutobvu kwakaderedzwa ne92%
Kugadzirisa kwakaderera ne40%
4. Mafambiro ekushanduka-shanduka kwetekinoroji
Miniaturization uye array
Masensa eNanowire (<100nm mudhayamita) anogonesa kutarisa nzvimbo yemidzi yemuti mumwe chete
Ganda remagetsi rinochinjika (rakatambanudzwa 300%) RINOGONA KUCHINJA KUTI ivhu rive rakachinja
Kusanganiswa kwemaonero emuchina wemultimodal
Kuchinja kwemamiriro evhu kuburikidza nemafungu emagetsi uye kufambisa kwemagetsi
Kuyerwa kwenzira yekupisa kwemhepo yekufambisa mvura (kururama ±5%)
AI inofambisa ongororo dzakangwara
Manetwork etsinga dzemuviri (convolutional neural networks) anoona mhando dzevhu (98% kururama)
Mapatya edhijitari anotevedzera kufamba kwezvinovaka muviri
5. Nyaya dzekushandiswa kwakajairika: Chirongwa chekuchengetedza nyika yevatema kuChamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina
Network yekutarisa:
Masensa zviuru zana anofukidza maeka mamiriyoni mashanu eminda
Dhatabhesi ye3D ye "hunyoro, kubereka uye kuomesesa" muvhu re 0-50cm rakagadzirwa
Mutemo wekudzivirira:
Kana zvinhu zvemuchadenga zviri pasi pe3%, kutenderedza uswa zvakadzama kwakakosha
Kuwanda kwevhu >1.35g/cm³ kunoita kuti ivhu rishande pasi pevhu
Mhedzisiro yekushandiswa:
Kurasikirwa kwevhu dema kwakaderera ne76%
Avhareji yegoho resoya pa mu yakawedzera ne21%
Kuchengetedzwa kwekabhoni kwakawedzera nematani 0.8 pahekita pagore
Mhedziso
Kubva pa "kurima kwakasimba" kusvika pa "kurima data," masensa evhu ari kuchinja nzira iyo vanhu vanotaura nayo nenyika. Nekubatanidzwa kwakadzama kweMEMS process uye tekinoroji yeInternet of Things, kutarisa ivhu kuchabudirira mukugadziriswa kwenzvimbo ye nanoscale uye mhinduro yenguva yemaminitsi mune ramangwana. Mukupindura matambudziko akadai sekuchengetedzeka kwechikafu chepasi rose uye kuora kwezvakatipoteredza, "varindi vakanyarara" ava vacharamba vachipa rutsigiro rwedata rakakosha uye kukurudzira manejimendi nehungwaru uye kutonga kwepasi.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-17-2025