1. Tsanangudzo yehunyanzvi uye mabasa akakosha
Soil Sensor chishandiso chakangwara chinotarisa ivhu nharaunda paramita munguva chaiyo kuburikidza nemuviri kana kemikari nzira. Iyo yakakosha yekutarisa zviyero zvinosanganisira:
Kutariswa kwemvura: Volumetric mvura yemukati (VWC), matrix inogona (kPa)
Zvenyama uye zvemakemikari zvivakwa: Magetsi conductivity (EC), pH, REDOX inogona (ORP)
Nutrient analysis: Nitrogen, phosphorus uye potassium (NPK) zvirimo, organic matter concentration
Thermodynamic parameters: ivhu tembiricha mbiri (0-100cm gradient kuyerwa)
Biological zviratidzo: Microbial chiitiko (CO₂ kufema mwero)
Chechipiri, kuongororwa kweiyo mainstream sensing tekinoroji
Unyoro sensor
TDR mhando (nguva domain reflectometry): electromagnetic wave kuparadzira nguva kuyerwa (kurongeka ± 1%, renji 0-100%)
FDR mhando (frequency domain reflection): Capacitor mvumo yekuona (yakaderera mutengo, inoda kugaro gadzirisa)
Neutron probe: Hydrogen moderated neutron count (rabhoritari giredhi kurongeka, mvumo yemwaranzi inodiwa)
Multi-parameter composite probe
5-in-1 sensor: Hunyoro + EC+ tembiricha +pH+ Nitrogen (IP68 kudzivirira, saline-alkali corrosion resistance)
Spectroscopic sensor: Pedyo infrared (NIR) mune situ yekuona organic zvinhu (yekuona muganho 0.5%).
Kubudirira kutsva kwetekinoroji
Carbon nanotube electrode: EC kuyerwa kugadzirisa kusvika 1μS/cm
Microfluidic chip: masekonzi makumi matatu kupedzisa kuona nekukurumidza nitrate nitrogen
Chechitatu, indasitiri yekushandisa mamiriro uye kukosha kwedata
1. Kutarisira kwakaringana kwekurima kwakangwara (Chibage munda muIowa, USA)
Deployment scheme:
Imwe chiteshi chekutarisa chimiro chega chega mahekita gumi (20/50/100cm matatu-level)
Wireless networking (LoRaWAN, yekufambisa kureba 3km)
Sarudzo ine njere:
Irrigation trigger: Tanga kudiridza nedrip kana VWC<18% pakadzika 40cm
Variable fertilization: Dynamic gadziriso yenitrogen application yakavakirwa paEC value musiyano we ±20%
Batsirwa data:
Kuchengetedza mvura 28%, nitrogen utilization rate yakawedzera 35%
Kuwedzera kwematani 0,8 echibage pahekita
2. Kuongorora kutonga kwegwenga (Sahara Fringe Ecological Restoration Project)
Sensor array:
Kutariswa kwetafura yemvura (piezoresistive, 0-10MPa renji)
Munyu kumberi kwekutevera (yakakwirira-density EC probe ine 1mm electrode spacing)
Modhi yeyambiro yekutanga:
Desertification index =0.4×(EC>4dS/m)+0.3×(organic matter <0.6%)+0.3×(mvura yemukati <5%)
Governance effect:
Kufukidzwa kwezvinomera kwakawedzera kubva pa12% kusvika pa37%
62% kuderedzwa kwemunyu wepamusoro
3. Yambiro yenjodzi yepasi (Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan Landslide Monitoring Network)
Monitoring system:
Mukati memateru: pore water pressure sensor (renji 0-200kPa)
Kusimuka kwepamusoro: MEMS dipmeter (chisarudzo 0.001 °)
Early yambiro algorithm:
Mvura yakaoma: kuzara kwevhu> 85% uye mvura yeawa> 30mm
Displacement rate: maawa matatu akatevedzana> 5mm/h inokonzeresa alarm tsvuku
Mhinduro dzekuita:
Kudonha kutatu kwakayeverwa zvakabudirira muna 2021
Emergency mhinduro nguva yadzikiswa kusvika maminitsi gumi nemashanu
4. Kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa (Kurapwa kwesimbi inorema muRuhr Industrial Zone, Germany)
Detection scheme:
XRF Fluorescence sensor: Lead/cadmium/Arsenic in situ yekuona (ppm kunyatsoita)
REDOX inogona ketani: Kutarisisa bioremediation maitiro
Intelligent control:
Phytoremediation inoshandiswa apo iyo arsenic concentration inodonha pasi pe50ppm
Kana mukana wacho uri> 200mV, jekiseni remupi we electron rinokurudzira kuora kwe microbial
Hutongi data:
Kusvibiswa kwekutungamira kwakaderedzwa ne92%
Kugadzirisa kutenderera kwakaderedzwa ne40%
4. Tekinoroji yekushanduka-shanduka
Miniaturization uye array
Nanowire sensors (<100nm mudhayamita) inogonesa imwe chirimwa mudzi nzvimbo yekutarisa
Flexible yemagetsi ganda (300% kutambanudza) ADAPTS kune ivhu deformation
Multimodal perceptual fusion
Ivhu kugadzirwa inversion kubudikidza acoustic wave uye magetsi conductivity
Thermal pulse nzira kuyerwa kwemvura conductivity (yakarurama ± 5%).
AI inotyaira analytics yakangwara
Convolutional neural network inoona marudzi evhu (98% kunyatsoita)
Digital mapatya anotevedzera kutama kwekudya kunovaka muviri
5. Mhosva dzekushandisa: Black land protection project muNortheast China
Monitoring network:
100,000 seti ye sensors inovhara 5 miriyoni mahekita eminda yekurima
Iyo 3D dhatabhesi ye "unyoro, kubereka uye compactness" mu 0-50cm ivhu layer yakagadzwa.
Dziviriro mutemo:
Kana organic matter <3%, mashanga akadzika kutendeuka anosungirwa
Kuwanda kwevhu kuwanda > 1.35g/cm³ kunokonzeresa kushanda kwepasi
Mhinduro dzekuita:
Kurasikirwa kwehuwandu hwevhu dema hwakaderera ne76%
Avhareji goho resoya beans pa mu yakawedzera ne 21%
Carbon kuchengetedza yakawedzera ne0.8 tons/ha pagore
Mhedziso
Kubva pa “kurima hunyanzvi” kuenda ku “data farming,” manzwi evhu ari kugadziridza nzira iyo vanhu vanotaura nenyika. Nekubatanidzwa kwakadzika kweMEMS maitiro uye Internet yeZvinhu tekinoroji, kuongorora ivhu kuchaita budiriro mu nanoscale spatial resolution uye miniti-level nguva mhinduro mune ramangwana. Mukupindura matambudziko akadai sekuchengetedzeka kwechikafu chepasirese uye kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza, ava vakavigwa zvakadzika "varindi vakanyarara" vacharamba vachipa rutsigiro rwakakosha rwe data uye nekusimudzira hungwaru kutonga uye kutonga kwepasi pepasi masisitimu.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-17-2025