Kuwanda kwekuda mvura yakachena kuri kukonzera kushomeka kwemvura pasi rose. Sezvo huwandu hwevanhu huri kuramba huchikura uye vanhu vakawanda vachitamira kumaguta, masangano emvura anotarisana nematambudziko akawanda ane chekuita nekuwanikwa kwemvura uye mashandiro awo ekurapa. Kutarisirwa kwemvura munharaunda hakugone kufuratirwa, sezvo Sangano reUnited Nations richifungidzira kuti maguta ndiwo anokonzera 12% yekubvisa mvura yakachena. [1] Kuwedzera pakuwanda kwekuda kwemvura, masangano emvura ari kutambura kutevedzera mitemo mitsva ine chekuita nekushandiswa kwemvura, mitemo yekurapa mvura yakasviba, uye matanho ekuchengetedza hupenyu uku vachitarisana nezvivakwa zvekare uye mari shoma.
Maindasitiri mazhinji ari panjodzi yekushaikwa kwemvura. Mvura inowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zvekutonhodza nekuchenesa, uye mvura yakasviba inobuda inofanira kugadziriswa isati yashandiswazve kana kudzorerwa kunharaunda. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvakaoma kubvisa, zvakaita semafuta akapfava, uye zvinogona kugadzira masara anoda kurapwa kwakakosha. Nzira dzekuchenesa mvura yakasviba mumaindasitiri dzinofanira kunge dziri dzemhando yepamusoro uye dzichikwanisa kurapa mvura yakasviba yakawanda pakupisa kwakasiyana-siyana uye pH levels.
Kuwana nzira yekusefa mvura inoshanda zvakanyanya chikamu chakakosha chekugadzira nzira dzekurapa mvura dzechizvarwa chinotevera. Ma membrane ekusefa epamusoro anopa nzira yekurapa inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inochengetedza simba, uye vagadziri vari kuramba vachigadzira matekinoroji matsva kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvezvivakwa zvemaindasitiri nemaguta uye varambe vari pamberi pemamiriro ekunze anochinja ekuchengetedza mvura uye kushandiswazve.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisa kuwanikwa kwemvura uye kunaka kwemvura. Madutu makuru nemafashamo zvinogona kukanganisa kuwanikwa kwemvura, zvichiwedzera kupararira kwezvinosvibisa, uye kukwira kwehuwandu hwemvura yegungwa kunogona kukonzera kuwanda kwemvura ine munyu. Kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu kuri kuderedza kuwanikwa kwemvura, uye matunhu akati wandei ekuMadokero, anosanganisira Arizona, California neNevada, achiisa mitemo yekuchengetedza mvura nekuda kwekushomeka kwemvura muColorado River Basin.
Zvivakwa zvekupa mvura zvinodawo kuvandudzwa kukuru uye mari yekudyara. Mukudzidza kwayo kwazvino nezvezvinodiwa zvenzvimbo dzemvura dzakachena, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakawana kuti $630 bhiriyoni ichadiwa mumakore makumi maviri anotevera kuti pave nemvura yakachena yakakwana, ne55% yemari iyoyo ichidiwa pakuvaka nzvimbo dzemvura yakasviba. [2] Zvimwe zvezvinodiwa izvi zvinobva pamitemo mitsva yekurapa mvura, kusanganisira Safe Drinking Water Act nemutemo unoisa huwandu hwakanyanya hwemakemikari akadai senitrogen nephosphorus. Maitiro ekusefa anoshanda akakosha pakubvisa tsvina iyi uye kupa mvura yakachengeteka uye yakachena.
Mitemo yePFAS haingokanganisi chete mitemo yekubuda kwemvura, asiwo inokanganisa zvakananga tekinoroji yekusefa. Nekuti makemikari ane fluorinated anogara kwenguva refu, ave chinhu chakajairika mune mamwe ma membrane, akadai se polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Vagadziri vema membrane filters vanofanirwa kugadzira zvimwe zvinhu zvisina PTFE kana mamwe makemikari ePFAS kuti vasangane nezvinodiwa zvitsva zvemutemo.
Sezvo mabhizinesi akawanda nehurumende dzichishandisa mapurogiramu akasimba eESG, kuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo inopisa kunova chinhu chinonyanya kukosheswa. Kugadzira magetsi ndicho chinhu chikuru chinokonzera kuburitswa kwemhepo, uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba rose inzira inokosha yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvebudiriro inogarika.
Sangano reEnvironmental Protection Agency rinoti mvura yekunwa nenzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura yakasviba ndidzo dzinoshandisa simba zvakanyanya mumakanzuru, zvichiita kuti pave ne30 kusvika 40 muzana yesimba rose rinoshandiswa. [3] Mapoka emvura, akadai seAmerican Water Alliance, anosanganisira masangano emvura akazvipira kuderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi anokonzera kudziya kwepasi muchikamu chemvura kuburikidza nematanho ekuderedza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye manejimendi emvura anoenderera mberi. Kune vagadziri vema membrane filtration, kushanda nesimba kwakakosha pakushandisa tekinoroji itsva.
Tinogona kupa masensa akasiyana-siyana ekutarisa maparamita akasiyana emhando yemvura
Iyi sensor probe yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvePTFE (Teflon), izvo zvinodzivirira ngura uye zvinogona kushandiswa mumvura yegungwa, mukurima gungwa nemumvura dzine pH yakakwira uye ngura yakasimba.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-09-2024