Nhanganyaya: Basa Rakakosha reData Remvura Yakarurama
Ruzivo rwemvura rwakarurama ndiwo musimboti wekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemazuva ano uye kuchengetedzeka kweveruzhinji. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakushandisa kwakawanda kwakakosha, kubva pakupa yambiro dzenjodzi dzemafashamo nenguva uye kuronga nguva yekudiridza kurima kusvika pakuronga nekushandisa masisitimu emvura mumaguta. Pakati pezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kuunganidza ruzivo urwu, Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge (TBRG) inoonekwa seimwe yezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumatanho epasi rose ekutarisa mamiriro ekunze.
Kufarirwa kwayo kunobva pakushanda kwayo zviri nyore, nyore kugadzira zvinhu zvedhijitari, uye kushanda kwayo kwakasimba, kunyanya panguva yemvura zhinji. Zvisinei, magadzirirwo echinyakare ane matambudziko ekururama ayo anogona kukanganisa kunaka kwedata. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora sainzi yeTBRG yemazuva ano inokunda matambudziko aya, ichishandisa maalgorithms epamusoro uye maficha ekugadzira anoshanda kuti ape nhanho itsva yekunyatsojeka yakavakirwa pamiyero yeindasitiri inosimbiswa.
1. Kunzwisisa Mubato Wekukanda Matipi: Nzira Yekare
Nheyo huru yekushanda kweTipping Bucket Rain Gauge muenzaniso wakanaka wekushandura maitiro emuviri anoenderera mberi kuita zviitiko zvakasiyana, zvinoverengeka. Maitiro acho anoitika nenzira yakajeka:
1.Muunganidzwa:Mvura inonaya inobatwa neburi rekubata rakajairika, chiyero chakakosha chine dhayamita inowanzo enzaniswa pa300mm kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti data rinoenzaniswa. Mvura inozotungamirirwa nepasefa, iyo inobvisa mashizha nemarara, yoiswa mufunnel.
2.Kuyera:Kubva mufunnel, mvura inoyerera ichipinda mune imwe yemakamuri maviri akaenzana, akaenzana. Chikamu chikuru ichi chimiro che "mechanical bistable", chakagadzirirwa kutenderera pa axis ine friction yakaderera.
3."Zano":Kana huwandu hwemvura hwakatarwa hukaungana mukamuri—huwandu hunoenderana nehukuru hwemvura hwe0.1mm, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neindasitiri—simba rinokwevera mvura rinoita kuti bhaketi rese rirasikirwe nechiyero uye riwire pamusoro.
4.Kugadzirwa kweChiratidzo:Bhaketi parinogumira, magineti madiki anodarika switch yetsvimbo, zvichiita kuti matinji ayo emukati avharwe uye abudise kurira kwemagetsi kamwe chete. Izvi zvinodurura zvinhu zvose mukamuri rese panguva imwe chete ukuwo vachiisa kamuri risina chinhu pasi pefunnel kuti vatange kutenderera kunotevera kwekuunganidza. Mumagadzirirwo epamusoro, magineti anoparadzaniswa nebhaketi kuenda kune "nzira yekuverenga yekutenderera," chinhu chakangwara chinodzivirira masimba emagineti kuti asapindirane ne torque yekudonha kwebhaketi.
Munzira yechinyakare, kupomba kwemagetsi kwega kwega kunomiririra huwandu hwakatarwa hwemvura inonaya. Saka mvura yese inoverengwa nekungoverenga huwandu hwemvura inonaya munguva yakatarwa.
2. Dambudziko reKururama: Kufumura Zvikanganiso Zvechisikigo
Kunyange hazvo musimboti wacho uri nyore, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoumba zvikanganiso zvekuyera pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, zvichidzivirira zviyero zvechinyakare kuti zvisawane kunyatsojeka kunodiwa pakushandiswa kwemazuva ano.
Dambudziko re'Kurasikirwa Kwakasimba'
Chikonzero chikuru chekukanganisa pakuyera, kunyanya panguva yekunaya kwemvura kwakasimba, chiitiko chinozivikanwa se "dynamic loss." Izvi zvinoreva mvura inonaya inorasika munguva pfupi - kazhinji chikamu chesekondi - mashandiro ebhaketi anenge ari kufamba, achidonha kubva kudivi rimwe kuenda kune rimwe. Munguva iyi yekuchinja, mvura inoyerera kubva mufunnel haibatwi nechero kamuri uye inorasika kubva pakuyera. Kurasikirwa uku kunoenderana zvakananga nekusimba kwemvura; mvura inonaya zvakanyanya, magumo ebhaketi anokurumidza, uye mvura yakawanda inorasika pakati pemagumo. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kumatanho ari pasi pe5% kusvika 10% pane mvura chaiyo panguva yedutu guru.
Mamwe Makonzero Ezvikanganiso Zvikuru
Kunze kwekurasikirwa nekushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu, zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatsira mukusaziva kwekuyera:
•Kunamatira uye Kubuda Kwemvura:Munguva yemvura shoma kana pakutanga kwechiitiko, mvura inonamira pamusoro pemafunnel nemabuckets. Mumamiriro akaoma kana kupisa, hunyoro uhwu hunogona kupwanyika husati hwayerwa, zvichikonzera kusaziviswa kwehuwandu hwemvura inonaya.
•Kukanganisa kwekuparadzira:Madonhwe emvura anonaya nekukurumidza anogona kurova muromo wemuchina wekuunganidza mvura obuda, nepo mamwe achigona kurova mukati mefunnel obva adzokera mubhaketi rakasiyana, zvichikonzera zvikanganiso zvakaipa uye zvakanaka.
•Kuenzanisa Kwemakanika uye Kubvisa Zviratidzo:Kana mudziyo wacho usina kuenzana zvakakwana, simba rekupinza bhaketi rega rega harina kuenzana, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kwakarongwa. Uyezve, kubata kwemuchina we reed switch kunogona "kusvetuka," zvichigadzira zviratidzo zvakawanda zvenhema kubva pamuromo mumwe chete. Kusashanda kwemagetsi ekubvisa mabhakiti kunogona kupotsa muromo chaiwo kana mvura yanaya zvakanyanya kana kuverenga muromo mumwe chete kakawanda.
Kutsanangura Kunyatsojeka: Zviratidzo zveIndasitiri
Kuti chionekwe sechishandiso chakavimbika, chiyereso chemvura chinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekushanda. Mitemo yeindasitiri, yakaita seHJ/T 175—2005 muChina, inopa hurongwa hwehuwandu hwe "kunyatsojeka." Kukanganisa kwe5% kusvika 10% kubva mukurasikirwa kwesimba kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kana mitemo iyi ichida kunyatsojeka. Zviyereso zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
| Paramita | Zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi |
| Kutanga Kutarisa Kunaya Kwemvura | ≤ 0.5 mm |
| Chikanganiso chekuyera (chemvura yese ≤ 10 mm) | ± 0.4 mm |
| Chikanganiso chekuyera (chemvura yose inonaya kupfuura 10 mm) | ± 4% |
| Kugadziriswa Kushoma | 0.1 mm |
Kusangana nezvinodiwa izvi, kunyanya ±4% inoshivirira panguva yemvura zhinji, hazvigoneki kune TBRG yechinyakare isina nzira yekugadzirisa yakangwara.
3. Mhinduro Yakangwara: Kuwana Magadzirirwo Akarurama NemaAlgorithms Epamusoro
Mhinduro yemazuva ano yedambudziko rekururama haiwanikwe mukugadzirisa kwakaoma kwemichina, asi musoftware yakangwara inoshanda nedhizaini yakasimba iripo. Nzira iyi inogadzirisa zvikanganiso zvirimo nekuwedzera chidimbu chehungwaru hwedhijitari kune sisitimu yemichina yakasimbiswa.
Kubva ku'Count' kusvika ku'Characterization': Simba reBucket Duration
Chinhu chikuru chiri mukushanda kwechinhu ichi chinobata muromo wega wega. Pane kungoverenga ma pulses, wachi yemukati ye high-frequency inoyera nguva chaiyo pakati pemuromo wega wega unotevedzana. Nguva iyi inonzi "nguva yebhaketi".
Kuyera uku kunopa shanduko itsva ine simba. Pane hukama hwakasiyana pakati penguva yebhaketi uye simba remvura: nguva pfupi inoratidza kunaya kwemvura kwakawanda, nepo nguva refu ichiratidza kunaya kwemvura kwakaderera. Microprocessor iri mubhaketi inoshandisa nguva iyi yebhaketi sechinhu chakakosha mumuenzaniso wekugadzirisa mvura usingachinji, uyo unotsanangura hukama huripo pakati pehuwandu hwemvura chaiyo pamuromo nepamuromo. Hukama uhwu, hunomiririrwa nebasa rekugadzirisa.
J = 0, inobvumira mudziyo kuti uverenge huwandu chaihwo hwemvura inonayazano rega regaKune matips ane nguva pfupi (high intensity), algorithm inoverenga kukosha kwemvura yakakura zvishoma, zvichibatsira kuwedzera mvura yaizorasika nekuda kwekushanduka kwesimba remvura.Maitiro aya akavakirwa pasoftware anoratidza musimboti wekuti "kugadziriswa kwecyclic, zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika padanho rakakodzera." Inobvumira kugadziriswa kwechishandiso kuti chigadziriswe zvakanaka uye chigadziriswe mumunda nekugadzirisa maparamita esoftware pane kugadzirisa zvinonetesa zvemakanika kuhuremu kana screws. Uku kufambira mberi kukuru, zvichiita kuti kugadzirisa kwenguva refu kuve nyore uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kwakarurama.
4. Yakagadzirwa neMunda: Zvinhu Zvinoshanda uye Mashandisirwo
Kupfuura tekinoroji yemukati, chigero chemvura chemazuva ano chakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinoshanda kuti chive nechokwadi chekuti chakavimbika uye chinoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara mumunda.
Kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwenguva refu: Kubatsira kwekudzivirira mazaya
Mufananidzo 1: Funnel yemuunganidzi wemvura ine mitsetse inodzivirira matendere, chinhu chakakosha pakudzivirira kuvharika uye kuona kuti data rinogara kwenguva refu mumunda.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pamuunganidzi weshiri idzi imhasuru dzakapinza dzakarongwa dzakatenderedza muromo wayo. Iyi inzira iri nyore uye inoshanda zvikuru yekudzivirira shiri kubva pakumhara nekuvaka matendere mukati me funnel ye gauge. Dendere reshiri ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekukundikana kwemunda, sezvo richigona kuvhara funnel zvachose uye kutungamira mukurasikirwa kwedata rese. Iyi nzira yekudzivirira matendere inodzivirira kuvharika kwakadaro, ichivandudza zvakananga kuwanikwa kwedata, kuona kuti data rakachengeteka, uye kuderedza kushanya kunzvimbo kunodhura kuti kugadziriswe.
Kunyatsokosha Kwazvo: Maitiro Ekushandisa Akakosha
Ruzivo rwakarurama kwazvo rwunounzwa nemageji aya epamusoro rwakakosha muminda yakawanda:
•Meteorology neHydrology:Inopa ruzivo rwakarurama rwekutarisa kutenderera kwemvura, kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze, uye kutsvagisa kwesainzi pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze.
•Yambiro yeMafashamo neKudzivirira:Inopa ruzivo rwakavimbika uye rwakakosha panguva chaiyo yekunaya kwemvura, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza hupenyu nepfuma.
•Kutarisira Kurima:Zvinoita kuti kudiridza kuronge nguva nemazvo zvichienderana nemvura chaiyo yawanikwa, izvo zvinobatsira kuchengetedza mvura uye kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa.
•Kutarisirwa kweMvura yeMaguta:Inotsigira dhizaini inoshanda uye kudzora mashandiro emagetsi emuguta uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza mvura yemumvura kuti idzivirire mafashamo emumaguta.
Kuenzanisa: Mhinduro Yakaringana
TBRG yemazuva ano, yakagadziriswa nealgorithm, ine chinzvimbo chakakosha pakati pematekinoroji ekuyera mvura. Kunyange zvazvo mimwe michina iripo, imwe neimwe ine zvibvumirano zvakakosha:
•Zviyero zveKuyera:Dzinopa kunyatsorongeka kwakanyanya uye dzinogona kuyera mvura yakasimba sechando. Zvisinei, dzakaoma kunzwisisa, dzinonzwa zvakanyanya kudedera kunokonzerwa nemhepo, uye dzinodhura zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti dzisashande pakuisa network yakakura.
•MaSiphon Gauges:Ipai rekodhi yenguva dzose yekunaya kwemvura asi munogona kukundikana kushandisa michina, munoda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva, uye mune "nzvimbo isingaonekwe" panguva yekusvuta nekukurumidza.
•Mageji Ekuona:Hadzina zvikamu zvinofamba uye dzinopa nguva yekupindura nekukurumidza, asi kururama kwadzo kunoenderana nemamodheru ehuwandu hwekushandura kupararira kwechiedza kuita mwero wemvura uye zvinogona kukanganiswa nekusvibiswa kwemhute kana lenzi.
TBRG yakangwara inovhara musiyano wekururama nemageji ekuyera anodhura, kunyanya emvura inonaya, ukuwo ichichengetedza kusimba kwayo, kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemari kwakaita kuti dhizaini yekutanga ivepo kwose kwose.
5. Mhedziso: Zvakanakisisa Pasirose Dzese
Chiyero chemazuva ano chemvura chinopenya zvikuru chinokwanisa kusanganisa kugara kwenguva refu uye nyore kwedhizaini yechinyakare nekururama kwepamusoro kwesystem yekugadzirisa ine hungwaru, inotungamirirwa nesoftware. Nekutsanangura muromo wega wega zvichienderana nenguva yawo pane kungouverenga, unokunda kurasikirwa kwakasimba kunokanganisa mamodheru ekare, zvichiita kuti usvike padanho repamusoro rekururama kweindasitiri muhuwandu hwese hwekunaya kwemvura.
Inowana chiyero chakanaka pakati pekunyatsojeka uye kushanda. Kunyange zvazvo zviyero zvekuyera zvinogona kupa kunyatsojeka kwakanyanya munzvimbo inodzorwa, TBRG yakagadziriswa nealgorithm inopa kushanda kwakafanana nekwakakura uye inochengetedza mari yakawanda kune network hombe. Pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinoshanda zvakagadzirwa kuti zvishandiswe kwenguva refu mumunda, inomira semhinduro yakasimba, chaiyo, uye isingagadziriswi zvakanyanya kune chero nyanzvi inoda data remvura rakavimbika uye remhando yepamusoro.
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