Muna 2023, vanhu 153 vakafa nedengue fever muKerala, zvichireva 32% yevakafa nedengue muIndia. Bihar ndiyo nyika ine nhamba yechipiri yepamusoro yevakafa nedengue, ine vanhu 74 chete vakafa nedengue, isingasviki hafu yenhamba yeKerala. Gore rapfuura, nyanzvi yezvemamiriro ekunze Roxy Mathew Call, uyo aishanda pakufanotaura nezvekupararira kwedengue, akaenda kune mukuru wepamusoro weKerala achikumbira mari yepurojekiti iyi. Chikwata chake kuIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) chakagadzira muenzaniso wakafanana wePune. Dr Khil, nyanzvi yezvemamiriro ekunze kuIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), akati, "Izvi zvichabatsira zvikuru dhipatimendi rehutano reKerala sezvo zvichabatsira mukutarisa nekungwarira nekutora matanho ekudzivirira kuitika kwezvirwere." mukuru wezvemagariro evanhu.
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Izvi zvinoshandawo padata remvura inonaya. "Nekucherechedza kwakarurama, kufanotaura kwakarurama, yambiro dzakarurama uye mitemo yakarurama, hupenyu hwakawanda hunogona kuponeswa," akadaro Dr Cole, avo vakagamuchira mubairo wepamusoro-soro wesainzi muIndia gore rino, Vigyan Yuva Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Geologist Award. Vakapa hurukuro ine musoro unoti 'Mamiriro ekunze: Chii chiri kutsamira' paManorama Conclave muThiruvananthapuram neChishanu.
Dr Cole vakati nekuda kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, Western Ghats neArabian Sea kumativi ese eKerala zvava semadhimoni nemakungwa. "Mamiriro ekunze haasi kungochinja chete, ari kuchinja nekukurumidza," akadaro. Mhinduro chete, akadaro, ndeyekugadzira Kerala isingakuvadzi nharaunda. "Tinofanira kutarisa padanho repanchayat. Migwagwa, zvikoro, dzimba, zvimwe zvivakwa nenyika yekurima zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa zvinoenderana nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze," akadaro.
Chekutanga, akadaro, Kerala inofanira kugadzira network yekutarisa mamiriro ekunze yakakora uye inoshanda. Musi wa30 Chikunguru, zuva rekudonha kwemvura muWayanad, Dhipatimendi reMeteorological reIndia (IMD) neKerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA) vakaburitsa mamepu maviri akasiyana ekuyera mvura. Sekureva kwemepu yeKSDMA, Wayanad yakawana mvura yakawanda (inopfuura 115mm) uye mvura yakawanda musi wa30 Chikunguru, zvisinei, IMD inopa kuverenga kwakasiyana kweWayanad kane: mvura yakawanda kwazvo, mvura yakawanda, mvura ine mwero uye mvura shoma;
Sekureva kwemepu yeIMD, matunhu mazhinji muThiruvananthapuram neKollam akawana mvura shoma kubva kune shoma, asi KSDMA yakashuma kuti matunhu maviri aya akawana mvura ine mwero. "Hatigoni kutsungirira izvozvo mazuva ano. Tinofanira kugadzira network yekutarisa mamiriro ekunze muKerala kuti tinzwisise uye tifanotaura mamiriro ekunze nemazvo," akadaro Dr Kohl. "Ruzivo urwu runofanira kuwanikwa pachena," akadaro.
MuKerala mune chikoro chimwe nechimwe makiromita matatu ega ega. Zvikoro izvi zvinogona kuve nemidziyo yekudzora mamiriro ekunze. "Chikoro chega chega chinogona kuve nemidziyo yekuyera mvura uye mathermometer ekuyera tembiricha. Muna 2018, chimwe chikoro chakaongorora huwandu hwemvura nerwizi rweMeenachil uye chakaponesa mhuri makumi matanhatu dziri pedyo nerwizi nekufanotaura mafashamo," akadaro.
Saizvozvowo, zvikoro zvinogona kushandisa simba rezuva uye zvakare zvine matangi ekuunganidza mvura yemvura. "Nenzira iyi, vadzidzi havazongoziva nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze chete, asiwo vachagadzirira," akadaro. Data ravo richava chikamu che network yekutarisa.
Zvisinei, kufanotaura mafashamo emvura nekudonha kwevhu kunoda kurongeka nekushandira pamwe kwemadhipatimendi akati wandei, akadai se geology ne hydrology, kuti vagadzire mamodheru. "Tinogona kuita izvi," akadaro.
Makore gumi ega ega, mamita gumi nemanomwe enyika anorasika. Dr Cole veIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology vakati mwero wegungwa wakwira nemamirimita matatu pagore kubvira muna 1980, kana kuti masendimita matatu pagumi. Akati kunyange zvazvo zvichiita sediki, kana nzvimbo yacho iri 0.1 degrees chete, mamita gumi nemanomwe enyika achaparadzwa. "Inyaya yekare yakafanana. Panosvika 2050, mwero wegungwa uchakwira nemamirimita mashanu pagore," akadaro.
Saizvozvowo, kubvira muna 1980, huwandu hwemadutu hwakawedzera ne50 muzana uye nguva yawo yakawedzera ne80 muzana, akadaro. Munguva iyi, huwandu hwemvura yakanyanya hwakawedzera katatu. Akati panosvika 2050, mvura ichawedzera ne10% pakuwedzera kwetembiricha yega yega yeCelsius.
Kukanganiswa Kwekuchinja Kwekushandiswa Kwevhu Ongororo yakaitwa paTrivandrum's Urban Heat Island (UHI) (izwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangura nzvimbo dzemaguta dzichidziya kupfuura nzvimbo dzekumaruwa) yakawana kuti tembiricha munzvimbo dzakavakwa kana masango ekongiri dzaizokwira kusvika pa30.82 degrees Celsius zvichienzaniswa ne25.92 degrees Celsius. muna 1988 - kusvetuka kwemadigirii angangoita mashanu mumakore makumi matatu nemana.
Ongororo yakaitwa naDr. Cole yakaratidza kuti munzvimbo dzakashama tembiricha ichakwira kubva pa25.92 degrees Celsius muna 1988 kusvika pa26.8 degrees Celsius muna 2022. Munzvimbo dzine miti, tembiricha yakakwira kubva pa26.61 degrees Celsius kusvika pa30.82 degrees Celsius muna 2022, kusvetuka kwe4.21 degrees.
Tembiricha yemvura yakanyorwa pa25.21 degrees Celsius, yakaderera zvishoma pane 25.66 degrees Celsius yakanyorwa muna 1988, tembiricha yaive 24.33 degrees Celsius;
Dr Cole vakati tembiricha yepamusoro neyakaderera muchitsuwa chinodziya cheguta guru yakawedzerawo zvishoma nezvishoma munguva iyi. "Kuchinja kwakadaro mukushandiswa kwevhu kunogonawo kuita kuti ivhu rive panjodzi yekudonha kwevhu nemafashamo," vakadaro.
Dr Cole vakati kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kunoda nzira mbiri: kuderedza shanduko uye kugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze. "Kuderedza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kwava kupfuura zvatinogona. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa pasi rose. Kerala inofanira kutarisa pakugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze. KSDMA yaona nzvimbo dzinonetsa. Ipai michina yekudzora mamiriro ekunze kune imwe neimwe panchayat," akadaro.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-23-2024